Colosseum as an enormous triumphal monument Essay

Colosseum as a gigantic triumphal landmark - Essay Example This exploration will start with the explanation that working of the Colosseum began under Emperor’s Vespasian rule around the 70-72 AD. This development was subsidized by the riches that were recovered from the Jewish Temple after Jerusalem was dominated. The area picked in developing the Colosseum was a level district on the floor of a valley in the midst of the Palatine, Esquiline, and Caelian Hills., entirely through which a canalized waterway ran. Continuously century, this zone was thickly populated. The Great Fire of Rome crushed the zone in AD 64. After the event of this occasion, Nero snatched a greater piece of the territory adding a ton to his own space. Nero fabricated the self important Domus Aurea on the area, making a man-made lake that had structures, porticoes, and gardens encompassing it. The Aqua Claudia that existed was stretched out in providing water to the territory and the massive bronze, Nero’s Colossus was mounted close by at the Domus Aurea en trance. Despite the fact that the Colossus was rationed, as it were, of the Domus Aurea was brought down. The land was utilized again as a territory for the most recent Flavian Amphitheater and the lake was filled. Gladiatorial schools and different help structures were grown close by inside the Domus Aurea previous grounds. As expressed in remade composing found at the area, â€Å"emperor Vespasian requested this new amphitheater to be raised from his general’s portion of the booty.† This is accepted to allude to the gigantic fortune the Romans seized after they won the Great Jewish revolt in the 70 AD.

Literature Review and Research Proposal - That extra intervention of a

Also, Research Proposal - That additional mediation of a dietician and word related advisor will keep up a he - Literature survey Example To date there is no known remedy for the infection despite the fact that there are different strategies which hinder its development and subsequently helps the patients in soothing a portion of the signs. It is a fatal malady which hopeless and prompts demise (Innes, Kelly and McCabe, 2012, p. 104). Additional mediation of a dietician and a word related specialist will at last keep up a solid weight list and improve personal satisfaction, gloom and dyskinesia in the patient with Alzheimer’s sickness. This writing audit and research paper will take a profound far reaching concentrate on the fundamental significant job that the dieticians and the word related specialist play in the easing back down on the impacts and side effects of patients with Alzheimer’s sickness (Small and Vorgan, 2011, p. 124). This paper sums up the particular ways to deal with the support of a sound weight record in the patient while mulling over different parts of good wellbeing which incorporate improvement of the personal satisfaction, huge decrease of wretchedness and dyskinesia (McDonald, 2010, p. 32). This paper will consider the world-class proposals that a dietician will strongly suggest with respect to specific nourishments which the Alzheimer’s patient will eat so the side effects of the illness are fundamentally diminished (Pulsford and Thompson, 2012, p. 129). Eminent proposals will likewise be featured with respect to the exhortation that a word related specialist would outmost prescribe to the patient. A point by point review on what the patient ought to do to decrease these manifestations are noted while giving truly important guidance on how the patients wellbeing will improve taking in to thought the patient’s weight list, predominant life quality and a general decrease in sadness and dyskinesia (Downs and Bowers, 2008, p. 58). Writing Review Alzheimer’s illness has in the ongoing past ended up being a boundless dementia difficulty among elderly individuals in the general public. As characterized, Alzheimer’s malady is the general loss of subjective working which incorporates diminished thinking, recollecting, and thinking capacity. Alzheimer’s sickness is additionally ventured to be an irreversible and a dynamic cerebrum issue which limits thinking and memory abilities. Additionally, ongoing inquires about have likewise affirmed that, drawn out presence of Alzheimer’s sickness should lessen individuals’ capacity to do probably the most straightforward employments (Basak, Boot, Kraemer and Voss 2008, p. 777). In light of the accessible insights, Alzheimer’s illness is by and large evident among individuals who are over 60 years old. Contrasted with conventional society, contemporary social orders have seen noteworthy expanded in instances of Alzheimer’s ailment (Vance, McNees and Meneses, 2009, p. 51). In the outrageous cases, Alzheimer’s illness is too influencing y oungsters. The symptoms and size of Alzheimer’s illness is with time ending up being extreme and at times Alzheimer’s infection has answered to cause passings. The contemporary nature and reactions of Alzheimer’s malady have constrained wellbeing analysts and masterminds to embrace concentrated looks into to recognize the fundamental driver of the illness just as the most practical and productivity methods for managing the issue (Ziere, Dieleman, Hofman, Pols, Cammen and Stricker, 2007, p. 223). The resulting writing audit is proposed at inspecting how the additional intercession of a dietician and word related ther

What is a Double-Blind Study

What is a Double-Blind Study At some point or another in our lives, everyone has needed for a certain medicine. Is it a headache? Here, pop an Aspirin! Do you have bad digestion?An antacid! An antibiotic for your infection, and so on.Hopefully, fewer people had more severe medical issues that required more aggressive treatment immunosuppressants, cancer drugs, chemotherapy, and so many others.But when you just take the medicine that the doctor prescribed, has it ever crossed your mind to wonder how did a pharmaceutical company came to a conclusion that that specific medicine works for that specific ailment?Another thing that comes to mind is: why do doctors say that you should not use medicine X anymore, but that you should start to use medicine Y because it is better i.e. it has fewer side effects, it works quicker, it works better.How do they know?Well, it is obvious that they did not just randomly decide that.Recommendations of the kind are a product of a carefully conducted process that starts with the cre ation of the new medicine that may include biotechnology, testing it in a lab and later on animals, after that comes the time for human testing, and finally, putting it out to be purchased off the counter or prescribed by a doctor.In this text, we will focus on the third part of drug testing and that is human testing.We will answer questions on how the studies/trials are conducted, what the types of studies are, are they ethical and so on.WHAT IS A CLINICAL TRIAL?A clinical trial is conducted when there is a potentially better, new drug or treatment for a specific ailment or disease.It is usually the case with rare or difficult diseases or diseases that still do not have a treatment that works e.g. Alzheimers.The trials also happen for cancer treatments, or any other condition people might develop to be it physical or psychological.Clinical trials may observe the effects of the drug, the side effects, and behavioral changes. They are conducted with the advancement of medicine, and p eoples overall wellbeing in mind.For a clinical trial to be conducted in a way that gives significant and valid results, participants have to be chosen according to particular criteria that relate to the object of the clinical trial.For example, if a new Alzheimers drug is being tested- a participant firstly has to have the disease, then they have to be at a preferred stage of the disease (e.g. starting to show symptoms, but the disease is not too far gone).To determine whether a patient qualifies for the trial there is the participant screening process that is used as the baseline for potential improvement and data collection.The participants, if they qualify, are then informed about the possible benefits, risks, outcomes and so on, and are required to sign an informed consent stating that they have understood all that will be happening during the trial.If a person participating in a study is not able to make their own decisions, their medical proxy signs the informed consent.If yo u have or know somebody who has a condition that might be improved by participating in a clinical trial, you should know that participants are randomly chosen, although the participation has to be voluntary.The doctor may mention that a study is available, and you can choose to participate.Patients choose to participate because they want to potentially be one of the first people to ever receive treatment for a condition.In such a way they are actively contributing to the development of medicine, and without volunteers who are open to such participation, medical advancement would be thwarted.TYPES OF CLINICAL TRIALSThere are various ways in which a clinical trial may be conducted and they are called study designs. In this text, we will focus on randomized trials and their subtypes. Source: anzmtg.org The way in which you can conduct a randomized study is the blind studies.In blind studies either the participants or the medical team along with the participants are not aware of the fact whether they have received the treatment which is being tested or not.i. Single-Blind StudyIn a single-blind study, the medical team knows which group has gotten medication that is being tested, but the participants do not know that.It is used in treatments where patients bias can affect the results of the trials.The issue with a single-blind study is that, since they have all the information, the medical teams bias can harm the research.They can subconsciously pay more attention to the subjects receiving the treatments as opposed to those who are not. This is avoided with a double-blind study.ii. Double-Blind StudyIn a double-blind study, neither the medical team nor the participants are aware of the treatment distribution.It is considered a go-to study design for many reasons th at are mainly ethical and psychological, and it ensures the most valid results at the end of the research because both participants and teams bias is eliminated.A double-blind study is also used in many other types of scientific research besides medical research, such as psychological, behavioral, market research and so on. HOW DOES A DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY WORK?First of all, there has to be a sufficient number of study participants.The double blind study happens in the second and third phase of a clinical trial. In the second phase the required number of participants is from 20 to 80.The participants are usually healthy individuals. The data collected in this stage of the trial are usually related to the side effects that the drug may cause i.e. worsening in the subjects; condition.The third stage of the trial is a second double blind study. The number of participants in this stage is usually at least 100, however more preferable one ranges from 100 to 300 participants. The participant s are then randomly divided into 2 groups:The ones who receive the active treatment, new drug, supplement or anything else that could be tested in a trialThe ones who get a placebo or an already standardized medication depending on the type of study Source: prehospitalresearch.euOptionally, there is the third group of participants a.k.a. the control groups whose members do not get any treatment whatsoever but are just used as a baseline.For example, people with depression will naturally show improvement after some time that cannot be contributed to the effects of the medicine given in a trial which tests the new antidepressant.Let us say here how important it is to understand depression, and to seek help where needed.The difference between the improvements between groups with treatment (both actual medicine and placebo) is compared to the improvements of the control group and they show the actual effects of the new antidepressant.In many cases, the placebo group can be considered the control group.For example, if a new cancer drug is being tested, the control group will get standard treatment, and the other group of participants will get the new drug.This type of a blind-study is called comparative blind study (as opposed to pla cebo-controlled study) as the premise is that you compare the effects and side effects of an old drug that is already in use to the (side) effects of a new one.Having a third group of cancer patients as a control group here would be extremely unethical as they would be deprived of a medicine.On the other hand, if, for example, you are testing a new supplement that is supposed to, say, improve athletic performance, then it will be completely okay to use three groups of participants and observe the effects of both the supplement and the placebo.For the study to be correct, all three groups would have to be on the same workout regime, sleep management, and diet. So the study would look like this:Group one: training + supplementGroup two: training + placeboGroup three: trainingAfter the two blind studies, if the effects of the substance are proven beneficial, the FDA approves its use and allows it to be used.The effects and side effects are still followed, although in a non-controlled e nvironment, on a larger number of people (3000+) and over a longer period of time.EXPERIMENT EFFECTFor any type of blind study to give valid results, participants have to be unaware of whether they have received a placebo or an active substance that is being tested.In a double-blind study the team, as was already mentioned, is also unaware of this.This is important as people are highly susceptible to biases which can affect both the patient and the medical staff.It is long known that a patients psychological state and motivation can highly influence the outcome of treatments or interventions the ones with the will to fight the illness have a better success rate than those who lost their hope and have already given up regardless of the fact that they have received the exact same treatment for the exact same (level of) disease.Keeping the participants blind to the information what they have received eliminates both good and bad effects of motivation, and provides the conditions for o bjective results regarding the effects of the substance on trial.On the other hand, there is something called the experimenter effect, the observer-expectancy effect or the Clever Hans effect.The experimenter effect is characterized by the staff working on the trial subconsciously affecting the study rendering it invalid.People are emotional beings so, if included in a trial as a part of the research team, you want the research to succeed either for the pure altruism- you wish to help people, or just because you want to be connected to a medical breakthrough and have a successful career.If a doctor knows which patient got a placebo and which one got an active agent, they might subconsciously ask questions in a manner that will give out that information to the patient, who, again subconsciously picks up the cues that the doctor emits.This psychological effect has been shown on a number of occasions, and it is very interesting to note that even animals can pick up such cues, so why no t people?A doctor may also tend to pay closer attention to the patients on the drug rather than those on placebo.The people involved in collecting and comparing data might, under such biases, overlook the lack of valid data or the negative data, and read into the preferable data too much.In any case, the results of the study are not valid enough to continue with the research knowing that there are real scientific benefits of the medicine.PlaceboThe definition of the placebo is a pharmacologically inert preparation prescribed for the mental relief of the patient, or used especially in controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another substance .   The origin of the word is Latin for I shall please.The placebo can be a sugar pill of the same shape, taste, and size as the actual pill, a saline solution for intravenous infusions such as chemotherapy, or any other form which corresponds to the active substance.The reason behind it is that a patient should not be able to deduce that they may get a placebo instead of the active medication.In clinical studies, as well as in life in general, a placebo can have really powerful effects on the human psyche and it is called the placebo effect.The placebo effect is based on the premise that the human brain is capable of convincing the body to heal itself (or harm itself as we will see later in the text).It is about getting real results with fake input. It is already well known that this happens but it is still not understood how this happens.Placebos have been proved to alleviate depression, anxiety, pain, insomnia, improve your mood and sharpen thinking. It is based on the belief that you are taking an actual medication.Here is an example of a placebo in a less serious and formal environment. Namely, in the tv series The Big Bang Theory a character named Raj has a disorder that manifests as his inability to speak to women unless he has had some alcohol.In this scene, he drinks a beer and manages to have a conversation with a girl on the train, only to stop when it is pointed out to him that the beer was a non-alcoholic beer (start at 2:20). However, it is more than just positive thinking and auto-suggestion that make you feel better.There have been studies that show that people still show signs of improvement after they have been informed that what they got was, in fact, a placebo.This improvement is said to come as a consequence of the ritualistic behavior of visiting a doctor and the trust we put in them. It has to do with the expectations we expect to feel better after we consult with a doctor.It is pretty much the same thing as when a mother kisses a childs knee after he has fallen and injured himself.The kiss does not really heal the hurt knee, but the very action and attention that the child receives help him feel better.Even adults sometimes use this as a very open placebo. Remember the origin of the word? I shall please.And even this is not all. It is not only our mental perception but also our physiological reaction to that anticipation, which actually activates immune responses that limit the secretion of damaging stress hormones.Studies have linked the placebo effect with the bodys natural production of pain-relieving endorphins.So the expectation of feeling better, in reality, causes the brain to secrete endorphins that naturally make you feel better.NoceboThe power of thought, however, can work against you, too.The nocebo effect is completely the opposite of the placebo effect, and it is characterized by human brain creating negative effects on the body and the psyche.For example, when you are in a fun park and want to go in a haunted house, your belief that something scary awaits is what actually makes you scared, even though there are just dolls, spider webs and surprises inside. Your body expects something negative and reacts accordingly.Another drastic example is of a butcher who accidentally locked himself in a cold room.He started to panic and caused hi mself to freeze although the cold room was out of order at the time, and the temperature inside was as in any other room in the shop.The nocebo effect in the clinical trials is seen in the manifestation of the drugs side effects. Namely, participants who are given the active agent may feel some side effects, although they are more likely to experience them if they were previously informed about what they may be.If the side effects are not communicated to the participants they are less likely to experience them.Proof of this lays in the fact that a certain percentage of participants on placebo experience the same side effects like the ones on the active agent, even though there is absolutely no physical or physiological reason for the side effects to appear.This could be avoided by keeping the side effects from the participants but that action would not be in ethical or legal accordance with the informed consent. The other issue with the nocebo or the lack of placebo is directly rela ted to how the patients are given the medicine in a double-blind study.The doctor essentially says you may be given a real medicine or you may be given a placebo. You dont know, and I dont know.This action may create doubt and thus, the nocebo effect, not just about the side effects of the medicine but its general effectiveness.BALANCED PLACEBO DESIGNA possible solution for the issues that arise in the double-blind study regarding the placebo and nocebo effects can be solved by implementing the balanced placebo design.This design would consist of four groups of participants two placebo groups and two active agent groups.The effects of the medicine, as well as expectancy, would be more realistically measured because, in this design, the groups are differently informed about what has been given to them. For example placebo:Group 1 is given a placebo and is informed that what they have received is placeboGroup 2 is given placebo and is informed but they have received the active agen tGroup 3 is given the active agent but is informed that they have received placeboGroup 4- is given the active agent and is informed that they have received the active agentSo this is a trial that simultaneously tracks the efficacy of the substance, and the psychological effects of the placebo.Although balanced placebo design provides the solution for the statistical issues that arise and the psychological effects on the drugs success, it is arguable how ethical it is to deliberately misinform the participants on what they are actually getting from the trial.FINAL WORDWith the constant advancement of medicine and the appearance of new drugs for diseases and illnesses that have been a serious problem for many people all over the world, the need for double-blinded studies is ever-present.Thanks to them, and their volunteer participants medical breakthroughs are happening more often in this day in age than ever before.Yes, the risks are great, as great as the benefits, but without tho se risks medical and pharmaceutical progress would be stunted, leaving many people without hope of a cure.Considering ethical, legal and medicinal aspects of a double-blind study, we can say that, although not perfect, it is still the best choice for such a type of research.Well, at least until the technology comes up with ways to test new substances without experimenting on animals and people.

Overview of the Second Opium War

In the mid-1850s, the European powers and the United States sought to renegotiate their commercial treaties with China. This effort was led by the British who sought the opening of all of China to their merchants, an ambassador in Beijing, legalization of the opium trade, and the exemption of imports from tariffs. Unwilling to make further concessions to the West, the Qing government of Emperor Xianfeng refused these requests. Tensions were further heightened on October 8, 1856, when Chinese officials boarded the Hong Kong (then British) registered ship Arrow and removed 12 Chinese crewmen. In response to the Arrow Incident, British diplomats in Canton demanded the release of the prisoners and sought redress. The Chinese refused, stating that Arrow was involved in smuggling and piracy. To aid in dealing with the Chinese, the British contacted France, Russia, and the United States about forming an alliance. The French, angered by the recent execution of missionary August Chapdelaine by the Chinese, joined while the Americans and Russians sent envoys. In Hong Kong, the situation worsened following a failed attempt by the citys Chinese bakers to poison the citys European population. Early Actions In 1857, after dealing with the Indian Mutiny, British forces arrived at Hong Kong. Led by Admiral Sir Michael Seymour and Lord Elgin, they joined with the French under Marshall Gros and then attacked the forts on the Pearl River south of Canton. The governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, Ye Mingchen, ordered his soldiers not to resist and the British easily took control of the forts. Pressing north, the British and French seized Canton after a brief fight and captured Ye Mingchen. Leaving an occupying force at Canton, they sailed north and took the Taku Forts outside Tianjin in May 1858. Treaty of Tianjin With his military already dealing with the Taiping Rebellion, Xianfeng was unable to resist the advancing British and French. Seeking peace, the Chinese negotiated the Treaties of Tianjin. As part of the treaties, the British, French, Americans, and Russians were permitted to install legations in Beijing, ten additional ports would be opened to foreign trade, foreigners would be permitted to travel through the interior, and reparations would be paid to Britain and France. In addition, the Russians signed the separate Treaty of Aigun which gave them coastal land in northern China. Fighting Resumes While the treaties ended the fighting, they were immensely unpopular within Xianfengs government. Shortly after agreeing to the terms, he was persuaded to renege and dispatched Mongolian General Sengge Rinchen to defend the newly returned Taku Forts. The following June hostilities recommenced following Rinchens refusal to allow Admiral Sir James Hope to land troops to escort the new ambassadors to Beijing. While Richen was willing to allow the ambassadors to land elsewhere, he prohibited armed troops to accompany them. On the night of June 24, 1859, British forces cleared the Baihe River of obstacles and the next day Hopes squadron sailed in to bombard the Taku Forts. Meeting heavy resistance from the forts batteries, Hope was ultimately forced to withdrawal with the aid of Commodore Josiah Tattnall, whose ships violated US neutrality to assist the British. When asked why he intervened, Tattnall replied that blood is thicker than water. Stunned by this reversal, the British and French began assembling a large force at Hong Kong. By the summer of 1860, the army numbered 17,700 men (11,000 British, 6,700 French). Sailing with 173 ships, Lord Elgin and General Charles Cousin-Montauban returned to the Tianjin and landed on August 3 near Bei Tang, two miles from the Taku Forts. The forts fell on August 21. Having occupied Tianjin, the Anglo-French army began moving inland towards Beijing. As the enemy host approached, Xianfeng called for peace talks. These stalled following the arrest and torture of British envoy Harry Parkes and his party. On September 18, Rinchen attacked the invaders near Zhangjiawan but was repelled. As the British and French entered the Beijing suburbs, Rinchen made his final stand at Baliqiao. Mustering over 30,000 men, Rinchen launched several frontal assaults on the Anglo-French positions and was repulsed, destroying his army in the process. The way now open, Lord Elgin and Cousin-Montauban entered Beijing on October 6. With the army gone, Xianfeng fled the capital, leaving Prince Gong to negotiate peace. While in the city, British and French troops looted the Old Summer Palace and freed Western prisoners. Lord Elgin considered burning the Forbidden City as punishment for Chinese use of kidnapping and torture, but was talked into burning the Old Summer Palace instead by other diplomats. Aftermath In the following days, Prince Gong met with the Western diplomats and accepted the Convention of Peking. By the terms of the convention, the Chinese were forced to accept the validity of the Treaties of Tianjin, cede part of Kowloon to Britain, open Tianjin as a trade port, allow religious freedom, legalize the opium trade, and pay reparations to Britain and France. Though not a belligerent, Russia took advantage of Chinas weakness and concluded the Supplementary Treaty of Peking which ceded approximately 400,000 square miles of territory to St. Petersburg. The defeat of its military by a much smaller Western army showed the weakness of the Qing Dynasty and began a new age of imperialism in China. Domestically, this, coupled with the flight of the emperor and the burning of the Old Summer Palace, greatly damaged the Qings prestige leading many within China to begin questioning the governments effectiveness. Sources http://www.victorianweb.org/history/empire/opiumwars/opiumwars1.html http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/dwe/82012.htm

Formal Speech Formal Meeting - 1491 Words

FORMAL MEETING GUIDE U.S. 11648 Submitted By MAYANK TIMBADIYA BL5-14074758B Submitted to ANIKA VATS Vats.anika30@gmail.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 THE MARAE 1 MEETING IN MAORI –MAORI HUI 1 1. A TYPICAL AGENDA 1 2. THE PROCESS AND ANY REGULATIONS TO BE FOLLOWED AT A HUI 2 3. RECORDS REQUIREMENT OF HUI MEETING 2 COMPANY SHAREHOLDER MEETING- NEW ZEALAND CULTURE 3 1. RULES AND REGULATIONS OF MEETING 3 2. AGENDA 4 3. MEETING PROCESS 4 4. RECORD OF MEETING 4 GLOSSARY 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 Introduction The Marae is the place where Maori people can gather to discuss and debate, to celebrate, meetings or functions. This document tells us about meeting. In this document, I mention two different types of meetings organized by different cultures such as Maori culture and New Zealand culture. Before starting to read this document, it becomes very important to know about meeting. Meeting: A meeting is a gathering of persons convened to transact business, discussion matters of note or act in a matter of common interest. Meeting is an assembly of people for a particular purpose, especially for formal discussion. The Marae Hui Maori is another instance of a meeting. Meeting of Maori culture is known as â€Å"The Marae†. The Marae is totally central to the Maori approach of life; it is a concentration for teams WHO share kinship, whanau, hapu, iwi. Here they meet discussion and debate, to celebrate, to welcome the living and bid farewell to those who have passed on.The Marae, holy openShow MoreRelatedCommunication in Health and Social Care1156 Words   |  5 Pagesexpression between two or more people. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of verbal communication. Face to face communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interviews, etc.) is significant so as to build a rapport and trust. Non-verbal communication is behaviour, other than spoken or written communication, that creates or represents meaning. In other words, it includes facialRead MoreFormal Meeting Guide For Two Nz Cultures Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesFORMAL MEETING GUIDE FOR TWO NZ CULTURES SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO: CZE ZHAR D. TRINIDAD ANIKA VATS czezhar29@gmail.com vats.anika30@gmail.com 14115494B Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 MAORI CULTURE 4 MAORI HUI (CEREMONY and GREETINGS) 5 NEW ZEALAND CULTURE 6 BUSINESS MEETING 6 PROCESSING AT MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS 7 REGULATIONRead MoreImportant Factors to Remember when Giving a Speech635 Words   |  3 Pagescommunicate with the other students. However, things changed after I got into English 150 class. My communication skill gets better day to day and now I am able to deliver a speech. 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Could be formal, informal - one-to-one, group of people. could be verbal or non-verbal. 1. one-to-one 2. group of communication 3 formal communication 4. posture 5. eye contact. 2A.P1 Communication is a process of sending and receiving message between two or more people in order to achieve a desired action or effect. communicationRead MoreFormal and Informal Meetings, An Outline Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pages1. Formal meetings: Meetings can be formal or informal. Formal meetings are pre-planned which required two or more people who have assembled for the purpose of achieving a common goal through verbal interaction. Functions: †¢ To bring together a range of knowledge and experience. †¢ To gather information. †¢ To develop co-operation and commitment. †¢ To aid problem solving. †¢ To strategy decision making. †¢ To influence policy. ï  ¶ Identify the functions of formal meetings and the source regulationRead MoreDetermine Your Audience Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesfactor to consider when trying to determine your audience is knowing your audiences knowledge about the subject matter you are presenting. For example, if your audience is full doctors, you can probably safely assume that they will not be lost by your speech about blood pathogens. If, however, you are unsure of your audiences level of grasping the knowledge you are presenting, research should be conducted to determine your audiences intelligence level. Your goal as a speaker should be not to intimidateRead MoreCulture And Values Of New Zealand Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesFORMAL MEETING GUIDE TWO CULTURES This Report is about the multi culture of New Zealand SAHIL KUMAR 14075027b Submitted to ANIKA VATS Assignment no: 11647 â€Æ' Contents INTRODUCTION 3 MAORI CULTURE 3 OTHER CULTURE 3 ABOUT HUI 3 PROCESS OF MEETING 4 AGENDA 4 DATE AND TIME 4 BEHAVIOUR AND FORMAL 4 ROLES 4 PREPARE IN ADVANCE 5 COMMUNICATION SKILL 5 NOTICE OF MEETING 5 REGULATION OF MEETING 5 RECORD OF THE MEETING 5 COUNTDOWN 5 AGENDA 6 PLANNING AND PROCEDURESRead MoreCypop 23632 Words   |  3 Pages1. UNDERSTAND THE SPEECH, LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION ASSESSMENT PROCESS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE LEARNING MORE THAN ONE LANGUAGE. 1.1 Explain how to identify which languages are used by children and young people in the work setting. 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In-formal InRead MoreFormal Communication1208 Words   |  5 PagesFormal Communication Formal communication can be considered as communication efforts that are â€Å"dressed up† to fit customary rules and ceremony For example, in a written letter, the formal communication style will demand that the layout of the piece of written communication follow a specific format that includes the date, header, salutation, body of the letter, close, signature lines and any indicators of enclosures all placed neatly upon company letterhead or personal stationery. By contrast, an

Fish Essay Free Essays

Below is a free essay on â€Å"Fish Market† from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Be there, play,make their day and choose your attitude. Those are the four simple steps that the Pike Place Fish Market in Seattle, Washington uses to provide exceptional customer service. We will write a custom essay sample on Fish Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now After seeing the Fish video, I think that every business should do business the way that Pike Place does. What does it mean to really be there for your customers? The way Pike Place Fish Market sees it, you should be one on one with your customer. When you are helping someone, you should focus on what they need and make them feel like more than just a customer. The second step to exceptional customer service is play. Whether it’s throwing fish or making jokes, the employees at the Pike Place Fish Market know how to keep the job fun. In the Fish video, I watched the employees having fun by repeating what eachother says. The third step is make their day. As a crowd of 100+ people gather around the fish market to watch the employees having a great time, they get to become part of that. In the video, one of the men said that sometimes they get people walking by that are having a bad day and they are just in a really bad mood and after talking to the employees, they walk away with a smile on their face. They event let onlookers join in on throwing and catching the fish. The employees will even tell people in the crowd how beautiful they are just to make their day. The last of the four simple steps is choose your attitude. It’s hard to have fun at work if you are in a bad mood. When working at a place like Pike Place, it should be easy tobe in good spirits at work because they make it fun. But in order to make it fun they have to show up in a good mood. The employees have to choose their attitude. If one person is upset it could make the whole staff have a bad day. How to cite Fish Essay, Essay examples

Fish Essay Free Essays

Below is a free essay on â€Å"Fish Market† from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Be there, play,make their day and choose your attitude. Those are the four simple steps that the Pike Place Fish Market in Seattle, Washington uses to provide exceptional customer service. We will write a custom essay sample on Fish Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now After seeing the Fish video, I think that every business should do business the way that Pike Place does. What does it mean to really be there for your customers? The way Pike Place Fish Market sees it, you should be one on one with your customer. When you are helping someone, you should focus on what they need and make them feel like more than just a customer. The second step to exceptional customer service is play. Whether it’s throwing fish or making jokes, the employees at the Pike Place Fish Market know how to keep the job fun. In the Fish video, I watched the employees having fun by repeating what eachother says. The third step is make their day. As a crowd of 100+ people gather around the fish market to watch the employees having a great time, they get to become part of that. In the video, one of the men said that sometimes they get people walking by that are having a bad day and they are just in a really bad mood and after talking to the employees, they walk away with a smile on their face. They event let onlookers join in on throwing and catching the fish. The employees will even tell people in the crowd how beautiful they are just to make their day. The last of the four simple steps is choose your attitude. It’s hard to have fun at work if you are in a bad mood. When working at a place like Pike Place, it should be easy tobe in good spirits at work because they make it fun. But in order to make it fun they have to show up in a good mood. The employees have to choose their attitude. If one person is upset it could make the whole staff have a bad day. How to cite Fish Essay, Essay examples

Maf free essay sample

First, customer profitability analysis assigns the costs to individual customers rather than products, services or departments. It allows management to determine which of the customer is profitable or if the company should charge a higher price. Second, customer profitability analysis can be used at aggregate level or disaggregated level. It allows the management to analyze a particular customer or a large group of customer at one time. Third, customer profitability analysis change from product focus to a customer focus which focus on multiple products sold to a single customer rather than a single product sold to many customers. It will allow management to identify the downstream costs of the customer and thus make a strategic decision on which customer that company want to target. DIFFERENCES OF CUSTOMERS. All the customers are different and this can be due to differences in revenue charged to the customers and the differences in costs used to service the customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Maf or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Differences in revenue can be arise because customers are charged different prices when the company operates in the different markets, customers are given different discounts, sales volume are different or different products purchased by the customers. Differences in customer costs arise from the way customers use company’s resources by using the downstream activities which can be divided into four customer groups. First, the customers are different because of customization of products. Some customers may require additional features to be added to the products. For example, some customers at Pizza Hut might request additional item to be added into their pizza such as adding more cheese or extra sauce. Second, marketing and selling activities. Some customer may prefer to purchase products through online and some of them may prefer to purchase from sales gent through direct calls. Customer who makes frequent order will use more resources than those who make infrequent order. Third, products can be offered through many distribution channels. Some customer may purchase products directly from the company, some of them may purchase from warehouse, agents or internet. For example, in Malaysia there are a lot of company that provide courier services such as Pos Malaysia to deliver the products to customers. Lastly, there are differences in customer support activities that are offered to the customers such as technical support, training, on-site visits and help lines. It is not depend on the products sold but it depends on particular customers. For example, if there is a problem incurred on the product, the company will send their staff to provide with repairing and maintenance services. CUSTOMER DRIVEN ACTIVITIES Before management can calculate the customer cost, management need to recognize first the hierarchy of customer driven activities so that it can help management assign the cost to each of the customer group more accurately. Customer activities are the activities that facilitate the customer from taking customer order until delivered the product to the customer. There are three levels of customer driven activities i. e. order level activities, customer level activities and market level activities. The first level is order level activities, it is triggered each time an order placed by the customer. These activities are driven directly by selling and delivered the product to the customer. It means that this activities starts from when company taking the order from the customer, selling process until deliver the product to the customer. For example, taking an order from the customer, processing an invoice, packaging the product and lastly deliver the product to the customer. For the second level is customer level activity. It relates on how company managing the customer in terms of acquiring the new customer and maintaining the existing customer or customer group. In this stage, company should know are the element that emphasize by the customer. Customer usually wants higher quality of product at a lower price. Then, they also demand a good service from the company not only during buying the product, but also after sales. To attract the new customer, company can attract by making an initial call nd advertise about the new products and what is the special feature. Furthermore, company can make certain promotion to attract the new customer because majority of the customer love to buy the product at lower price. To maintain the customer, company can give samples to the customer so that they can update themselves with the new product. By giving technical support to the product that have been bought by the customer as well as handling the complaint also can r etain the customer from moving to the competitors or switching to the other products. For the third level is market level activities, it relates with the particular markets or class of the customers. This stage is very important as company need to know what their customer wants the most so that they can satisfy their needs. However, before company can know about it, company need to analyse them and making some observation through research or questionnaire. Company also can satisfy their need by developing the new technology after they know the customer needs. Thus, it can maintain the presence of the company in the particular market attract more new customer. CALCULATING CUSTOMER PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS After company knows about these levels of activities, company can apply the Activity Based Management Costing (ABC) system method in customer profitability analysis. This is because, the techniques are just the same except that customer profitability analysis is emphasize more on customer cost whereas ABC system emphasize on the overhead cost. For customer profitability analysis, the cost that incurred to facilitate the customer will be spread over each of the customer group. However, for ABC system the overhead cost that incurred to manufacture the product will be spread over the products. There are five (5) steps that should be taken by management to carry out customer profitability analysis. First step is company need to identify customer driven activities which are the order level activities, customer level activities and market level activities. After that, management need determine the total cost of these activities. Next, company needs to identify the activity driver. It is very important to identify the activity driver because it helps the company to assign the cost more accurately as we know what the activities that drive the costs are. After company knows the total cost, the cost need to be allocate according to each of the customer group so that company can determine the profitability of each customer group. The aim of company carry out the customer profitability analysis is to determine the profits that have been brought by each of company customer group i. e. direct customers, large retailers and small retailers. If one of the customer group contribute to negative percentage, company need to analyse and respond the reason behind it. After knows the reason, company may influence their buying behaviour or preference so that the cost that incurred by that customer group can be reduce (positive contribution) and lastly increase the profit of the company. CUSTOMER PREFERANCE MEASURES For company, customer is very important because it can increase the profitability of the company. Thus, company need to satisfy the customer and maintain their relationship so that they can bring last longer profit to the company. In order to know whether customer is satisfied or not, company need to have customer performance measurements to define and measure the customer performance. There are five (5) cores of customer measures that apply to all forms of organization i. e. customer satisfaction, customer acquisition, customer retention, customer profitability and market share. For customer satisfaction, company can measure in terms of specific aspect of value such as quality of product or services. This can be achieve by making a survey through mails, telephone and ask the degree of their satisfaction in terms of product, service or quality. By measuring the customer acquisition, company can know the rate of organization in terms of attracting and win the new customers. This can be measured by calculating the number of new customers and what are the total sales that have been contributed by them. After we attract the new customer, of course the company wants to retain the customer loyalty towards the organization itself (customer retention). At this level company needs to maintain ongoing relationship with the customers so that customer will not switching to the other products or moving to the competitors. This can be measure through the percentage of business growth that has been contributed by the exiting customers. By measuring the customer profitability, company can know the net profit attributable to a customer or customer group. This can be measured through change in customer profitability per quarter or proportion of loss customers compared to the profitable customers. In simple way, company can apply customer profitability analysis in this level. Lastly is market share which customer wants to measure the proportion of sales in the given market. This can be measure through the proportion of the customers’ revenue or sales volume based on proportion of the market size. In conclusion, satisfaction contributes to the acquisition of the customer and it makes the customer to retain their loyalty to the products. Thus, it contributes to the customer profitability which lastly increases the market share of company. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CUSTOMER PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS Information on the customer profitability can be used in the strategic decision of the management. From the customer profitability analysis, management can identify which of the customers generate the highest profit and how can the company do to retain those customers, which of the customers generate lowest profit and what can the company to make those customers profitable and what types of customers should the company focus on to maximize profitability. These will help the management to make strategic decisions on which customers or distribution channels that need to be focus on and help to identify the areas for cost control and cost reduction. In addition to that, the company can protect their existing highly profitable customers. It means that, from the analysis, the management can identify which of their customers are profitable and which are not profitable to the company. They will focus more on the highly profitable customers and thus secure these customers from buying the products from the competitors by maximizing the sales or services to profitable customers. Besides that, the analysis will improved the strategic decisions of the management by providing useful information for customer related decisions including pricing, discounting and marketing decisions to increase the profit. The disadvantages of customer profitability analysis are the management may not have the required resources and data capture systems including the information technology, equipment and staff for the analysis and preparation of the customer profitability to produce accurate estimation of customer segmental revenues and costs. Besides that, as the customer profitability analysis depends on the mix of products or services that the customers bought however, the analysis might be used on specific underperforming products or services and will overlook the impact of sales of other products to the customers. TRADITIONAL VERSUS CUSTOMER PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS APPROACH Before customer profitability analysis develops, all customers are treated equally regardless of their contribution. But since the customer profitability analysis develop, the service is driven by customer contribution to maximized value and ensure the customer relationship is profitable. It means that company will maintains the relationship with the customers that bring profit only and they will give good services to them because they contribute high profit to the company. In traditional, company has minimum understanding on how to increase the customer profitability. However, in customer profitability analysis, company has deeper understanding of customer profitability and knows how it can benefit the company. If one of the customer groups always brought negative contribution, company who has deeper understanding will make an analysis and respond to it by influence their buying behavior of preference so that the profitability of that customer group can be increase and thus increase the company profit. Lastly, in traditional approach, company has little or no awareness on how individual customer affects the profit. However, in customer profitability analysis, company has designed clear action for each of the customer. For example, company will only targeting high performing customer and mediate the unprofitable customer. ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS Activity based management (ABM) is a method used in order to seek out areas in company, where company losing money, so they can eliminate those activity or improve it in order to increase company profit. ABM analyse cost of employees, equipment, facilities, distribution and overhead cost. The result of ABM enables company to produce more accurate budget and financial forecasts. Activity based management can be applied to government agencies, manufacturers, service providers, schools and non-profit organization. The objective of ABM is to improve the effectiveness and efficiencies of organization in securing its markets. When management want to perform activity based management analysis, they must first obtain information from activity based costing system (ABC). After that, management will do analysis on activities involved in production process, cost driven and its performance. However, simple activity analysis in is not very useful when it comes to cost management, thus ABM analysis need more comprehensive analysis that cover matters in details. ABM analysis should cover all activities that incurred at greater level of detail which will reflect individual tasks or step in a process. It also should include the total cost of these activities, for example direct labour cost and manufacturing overhead cost. The analysis also need to include all cost of non-manufacturing activities, as ABM assume the process to produce a product always extend to non-manufacturing areas. PROCESS TO REDUCE COST ON ABM Basically in order to achieve purposes of ABM which are to create customers value and to increase profitability of the company, manager of the company firstly need to reduce the cost of production. So from that, company will produce products that have high quality then it will indirectly increase profit of the company. There are four steps to reduce the cost of company. The first step is identify major opportunities, follow by determine the real root cause, develop a new program and introduce and monitor the performance of the program. The first step is identifying the major opportunities for cost reduction. At this stage, company must identify each activity and its cost incurred in organization. After that, they may perform value analysis, where this analysis can be used to classified activities into two categories, either value added activities or non-value added activities. Value added activities is the activities that provided essential value to the customers or to functioning of businesses while non-value added activities is the product that did not add value of products from customer’s or business’s perspective. Therefore, non-value added activities can be eliminated by the company. Second step is determining the real root cause. At this stage, company focus more on eliminating non-value added activities, so from there they need to find the real root cause of non-value added cost. There are two ways that occurred in order to eliminated non-value added cost, first by transform activities into process and second by performing cost drivers analysis. By transforming activities into process, company can get better understanding on all process of production involved, start from input into output. After that, they can start to identify the root cause cost drivers of major non value added activities using cost driver analysis, a method that identifies root cause cost drivers of activities. For example, if in the production have four processes of non-value added activities. First, company need to identify which one out of four processes of non-value added activities incur more cost. Let see, if process number one incurred more cost, thus company need to focus more on that process in order to eliminate the cost. After main root of the cause was found in the previous step, then company need to develop new program that can overcome the root cause. Developing new program is a complex task as there is a need on the involvement of all managers across organization, its may tackling individual activities or requires fundamental restructure of production process. For example, based on previous situation, after the company knew that process number one incurred more non-value added cost, so in order to eliminate this cost, company need to restructure back its production process, where in the new production process, there is no non-value added activity incurred. The last step is to measure company performance. After completing the implementation of new program in company, they need to measure their performances by using activity based performance measures. This method is used to monitor the effectiveness of cost reduction effort and customer value. In order to measure company performances, management need to identify major or important aspect of performance that they believe critical in achieving strategy objective. By continuously monitoring company performance, managers could obtain feedback on their performance, set target that they want to achieve in future and take corrective actions when required. IMPACT OF ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT. According using ABM application, it will have some impact that incurred. Impacts of using ABM are real cost had been identified, cost saving can be achieved, improved profitability and also increase customers’ satisfaction. Based on real cost drivers had been identified, it will refer on the step to reduce cost which is on step two, determined the real cause. Through this step, manager of the company will eliminated the non-value added activities so in order to eliminate the company will find the real root cause of non-value added activities. So those through using ABM it involve process to identify real cost drivers when making cost reduction. After know what type of non-value added cost was incurred, the company will minimize as well the cost that only incurred value added and few cost of non-value added so that cost saving of the company can be achieved since the production does not incurred with non-value added cost. Next impact is improving profitability of the company. Since the purpose of using ABM is to reduce cost and improve profitability, company will take action in the production, in order to minimize the costs and improve the high quality of the product. ABM provide reliable basis for strategic decision making so that the company know more accurate about the product cost. Moreover, part of the improvement was due to increase customer satisfaction. In addition to tracking cost drivers, activity-based performances enable the company to monitor and improve quality and delivery. Due to the high quality of product, it indirectly will improve customers satisfaction because of the product was fulfilled their need. MANAGING SPARE CAPACITY TO ACHIEVE COST REDUCTION. The outcome of undertaking ABM, result in creation of spare capacity. Management cannot reduce their cost if the spare capacity is not reduced. Spare capacity that is created through reduction in root cause cost drivers need to eliminate or used for other value added activities. For example, when company eliminate non added activity like move material, they need to reorganize the position of machinery in company’s factory to shorten the time taken by employees to move material from one machine to another machine. Thus, it will lead to creation of spare capacity in terms of idle time for employees to move materials and free space on factory floor. Those spare capacities must be eliminated or used for other value added activities in order for company to achieve their objective. For employees involved in moving material activity, they are paid wages by company so in order to reduce the cost, company can terminate some of the employees or transfer them to other value added activities. For free space on factory floor, since company cannot eliminate these free space as they still need incurred cost on that particular area such as factory lease, factory insurance and maintenance cost of factory, company can used it for other profitable activities that will help company to improve their performance and thus increase company profit.

3 Disagreements About How to Use Either and Neither

3 Disagreements About How to Use Either and Neither 3 Disagreements About How to Use â€Å"Either† and â€Å"Neither† 3 Disagreements About How to Use â€Å"Either† and â€Å"Neither† By Mark Nichol Use of either and neither, and their associated words or and nor, is complicated by disagreements about proper usage. Here’s a discussion of the words and the opinions about their appropriate use. An â€Å"either . . . or† or â€Å"neither . . . nor† construction can include more than two elements, but some grammar guides advise writers to restrict the usage to reference to two choices: â€Å"I’m going to wear either blue or green† but not â€Å"I’m going to wear either blue, green, or red.† If you agree with that restriction (I don’t), delete either from the latter sentence and it’s optional in the first one, for that matter. Omitting neither is not an option in the sentence â€Å"I’m going to wear neither blue nor green,† but the idea can also be rendered â€Å"I’m not going to wear blue or green.† The proscription against using or, rather than nor, with neither (â€Å"I was neither here or there† instead of â€Å"I was neither here nor there†) is likewise not absolute, but nor is most common, and in this case I support the restriction. The third divergence is about agreement with a verb. The more restrictive rule is that when either or neither is the subject, or part of the subject, of a sentence or a clause, it should be accompanied by a singular verb: â€Å"I don’t think either of the candidates is qualified.† When two nouns or pronouns are framed by either and or, use a singular verb if the noun or pronoun closest to the verb is singular (â€Å"Either the boys or the girl is responsible†) and a plural verb if the closest noun or pronoun is plural (â€Å"Either the girl or the boys are responsible†) or both nouns or pronouns are plural (â€Å"Either the girls or the boys are responsible†). However, it is common to see a plural verb with either or neither in reference to a sole plural noun or pronoun, as in â€Å"Neither of the parties are willing to compromise.† The more conservative choice is to write â€Å"Neither of the parties is willing to compromise,† and I adhere to that option. Here are several other considerations: When constructing an â€Å"either . . . or† or a â€Å"neither . . . nor† statement, take care to place verbs appropriately. If one verb applies to both choices, place it before the â€Å"either . . . or† phrase: â€Å"She was going to leave either tomorrow or Saturday.† If a separate verb applies to each choice, either should precede the first verb, and or should come before the second one: â€Å"She was going to either leave tomorrow or wait until Saturday.† Also, avoid using a â€Å"not . . . either† phrase, as in â€Å"They will not vote on either the amended proposal or the original one†; revise to a â€Å"neither . . . nor† construction: â€Å"They will vote on neither the amended proposal nor the original one.† Finally, a statement that two things are not true can also be rendered with a â€Å"never . . . nor† construction: â€Å"Their facility had never completed an evaluation nor ever met anyone representing the contracting agency.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects26 Feel-Good WordsSentence Adverbs

History of the Dust Bowl Ecological Disaster

History of the Dust Bowl Ecological Disaster The Dust Bowl was the name given to an area of the Great Plains (southwestern Kansas, Oklahoma panhandle, Texas panhandle, northeastern New Mexico, and southeastern Colorado) that was devastated by nearly a decade of drought and soil erosion during the 1930s. The huge dust storms that ravaged the area destroyed crops and made living there untenable. Millions of people were forced to leave their homes, often searching for work in the West. This ecological disaster, which exacerbated the Great Depression, was only alleviated after the rains returned in 1939 and soil conservation efforts had begun in earnest. It Was Once Fertile Ground The Great Plains was once known for its rich, fertile, prairie soil that had taken thousands of years to build up. Following the Civil War, cattlemen over-grazed the semi-arid Plains, overcrowding it with cattle that fed on the prairie grasses that held the topsoil in place. Cattlemen were soon replaced by wheat farmers, who settled in the Great Plains and over-plowed the land. By World War I, so much wheat grew that farmers plowed mile after mile of soil, taking the unusually wet weather and bumper crops for granted. In the 1920s, thousands of additional farmers migrated to the area, plowing even more areas of grassland. Faster and more powerful gasoline tractors easily removed the remaining native Prairie grasses. But little rain fell in 1930, thus ending the unusually wet period. The Drought Begins An eight-year drought started in 1931 with hotter than usual temperatures. Winter’s prevailing winds took their toll on the cleared terrain, unprotected by indigenous grasses that once grew there. By 1932, the wind picked up and the sky went black in the middle of the day when a 200-mile-wide dirt cloud ascended from the ground. Known as a black blizzard, the topsoil tumbled over everything in its path as it blew away. Fourteen of these black blizzards blew in 1932. There were 38 in 1933. In 1934, 110 black blizzards blew. Some of these black blizzards unleashed large amounts of static electricity, enough to knock someone to the ground or short out an engine. Without green grasses to eat, cattle starved or were sold. People wore gauze masks and put wet sheets over their windows, but buckets of dust still managed to get inside their homes. Short on oxygen, people could barely breathe. Outside, the dust piled up like snow, burying cars and homes. The area, which had once been so fertile, was now referred to as the â€Å"Dust Bowl,† a term coined by reporter Robert Geiger in 1935. The dust storms grew bigger, sending swirling, powdery dust farther and farther, affecting more and more states. The Great Plains were becoming a desert as over 100 million acres of deeply plowed farmland lost all or most of its topsoil. Plagues and Illnesses The Dust Bowl intensified the wrath of the Great Depression. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt offered help by creating the Drought Relief Service, which offered relief checks, the buying of livestock, and food handouts; however, that didn’t help the land. Plagues of starving rabbits and jumping locusts came out of the hills. Mysterious illnesses began to surface. Suffocation occurred if one was caught outside during a dust storm – storms that could materialize out of nowhere. People became delirious from spitting up dirt and phlegm, a condition which became known as dust pneumonia or the brown plague. People sometimes died from their exposure to dust storms, especially children and the elderly. Migration With no rain for four years, Dust Bowlers by the thousands picked up and headed west in search of farm work in California. Tired and hopeless, a mass exodus of people left the Great Plains. Those with tenacity stayed behind in hopes that the next year is better. They didn’t want to join the homeless who had to live in floorless camps with no plumbing in San Joaquin Valley, California, desperately trying to seek enough migrant farm work to feed their families. But many of them were forced to leave when their homes and farms were foreclosed. Not only did farmers migrate but also businessmen, teachers, and medical professionals left when their towns dried up. It is estimated that by 1940, 2.5 million people had moved out of the Dust Bowl states. Hugh Bennett Has an Idea In March 1935, Hugh Hammond Bennett, now known as the father of soil conversation, had an idea and took his case to lawmakers on Capitol Hill. A soil scientist, Bennett had studied soils and erosion from Maine to California, in Alaska, and Central America for the Bureau of Soils. As a child, Bennett had watched his father use soil terracing in North Carolina for farming, saying that it helped the soil from blowing away. Bennett also had witnessed areas of land located side by side, where one patch had been abused and become unusable, while the other remained fertile from nature’s forests. In May 1934, Bennett attended a Congressional hearing regarding the problem of the Dust Bowl. While trying to relay his conservation ideas to the semi-interested Congressmen, one of the legendary dust storms made it all the way to Washington D.C. The dark gloom covered the sun and the legislators finally breathed what the Great Plains farmers had tasted. No longer in doubt, the 74th Congress passed the Soil Conservation Act, signed by President Roosevelt on April 27, 1935. Soil Conservation Efforts Begin Methods were developed and the remaining Great Plains farmers were paid a dollar an acre to try the new methods. Needing the money, they tried. The project called for the phenomenal planting of two hundred million wind-breaking trees across the Great Plains, stretching from Canada to northern Texas, to protect the land from erosion. Native red cedar and green ash trees were planted along fencerows separating properties. The extensive re-plowing of the land into furrows, planting trees in shelterbelts, and crop rotation resulted in a 65 percent reduction in the amount of soil blowing away by 1938. However, the drought continued. It Finally Rained Again In 1939, the rain finally came again. With the rain and the new development of irrigation built to resist drought, the land once again grew golden with the production of wheat.

Achieving Competitive Advantage through Human Resource Strategy Essay

Achieving Competitive Advantage through Human Resource Strategy - Essay Example According to the research conducted by the Bureau of National Affairs for 2012-2013, seven out of ten (that is 69%) HR offices outsourced one activity, at a minimum, in 2012. The same 69% of the companies reported that an activity, once outsourced, was never returned to the in-house HR team. Therefore, the presented above trends raise a number of questions related to the reasons and results of HR function outsourcing in the organizational context. In today’s very competitive economy the reasons for taking some component of managing a business out of the organization should be very serious because a successful organization is the one that is effective and efficient in all of its business processes. For that reason, the goal of this paper is to research and analyse the concept of outsourcing an HR function and its benefits and barriers. This work will try to give a clear definition of what HR outsourcing is, what types of HR outsourcing there exist, and what particular component s of the HR function should or should not be outsourced. It will review how companies manage HR outsourcing and how beneficial it is for organizations to outsource HR activities in general. In order to fulfil all these tasks, it is important too, first of all, determine the concept of outsourcing itself. According to Norman (2009, p.2), â€Å"outsourcing is an important management practice† that means transferring implementation of some aspect of the business to a third party organization. A company may outsource, for instance, a business function, such as payroll, a manufacturing process or a part of business-supporting tasks, such as cleaning, mailing and so on. A very clear and precise definition of outsourcing is provided by Brown and Wilson (2005), who states that outsourcing is obtaining services from outside of the company.

A History of the Popes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A History of the Popes - Essay Example The church that was established at the site of the burial place of Peter seems to be insinuated in the film, â€Å"A History of the Popes, Saints and Sinners: Upon This Rock† as the fulfillment of the words of Jesus saying upon Peter, he will build his church. This seemed to have even been strengthened during the time of Pope Leo who very articulately explained the humaneness and divinity of Jesus, making people declare that Peter has spoken to him. The next episode of the film entitled â€Å"Between Two Empires† reflects the fight for power between the political and religious empires in Rome. The religious empire ruled by a pope, decides on what is to be rightfully implemented by the political empire headed by an emperor. However, absolute power has been quite coveted by emperors. On the contrary, popes did not like to give full authority to emperors. Therefore, a long history of contentions between the two empires has been documented. In addition, personal interests played a great role in the historical facts created by emperors and popes. Interestingly, it was not only the emperors who did not play fair for power. Instead, the popes also showed some vicious acts such as murder like the death of John VIII, Leo V and John

Harriet Tubman :: Slavery History Biography Essays

Harriet Tubman Harriet Ross Tubman was an African American who escaped slavery and then showed runaway slaves the way to freedom in the North for longer than a decade before the American Civil War. During the war she was as a scout, spy, and nurse for the United States Army. After that she kept working for rights for blacks and women. Harriet Tubman was originally named Araminta Ross. She was one of 11 children born to Harriet Greene and Benjamin Ross on a plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland. She later took her mother's first name. Harriet was working at the age of five. She was a maid and a children's nurse before she worked in the field when she was 12. A year later, a white guy either her watcher or her master smacked her on the head with a really heavy weight. The hit was so hard it left her with permanent neurological damage. In result of the hit she had sudden blackouts during the rest of her life. In 1844 she got permission from her master to marry John Tubman, a free black man. For the next five years Harriet Tubman was a semi-slave. She was still legally a slave, but her master let her live with her husband. In 1847 her master died. Followed by the death of his recipient and young son in 1849. That made Harriet’s status uncertain. In the middle of rumors that the family's slaves were being sold to clear the estate, Harriet Tubman went to the North and freedom. Her husband stayed in Maryland. In 1849 Harriet Tubman moved to Pennsylvania. She returned to Maryland two years later hoping to get her husband to come to The North with her. John Tubman had remarried by then. Harriet did not marry again until after John Tubman died. In Pennsylvania, Harriet Tubman became an abolitionist. She worked to end slavery. She decided to become a conductor on the Underground Railroad (a network of antislavery activists who helped slaves escape from the South). On her first trip in 1850, Harriet Tubman brought her sister and her sister's two children out of slavery in Maryland. In 1851 she rescued her brother, and in 1857 Harriet Tubman returned to Maryland and brought her parents to freedom. Over a time period of ten years Harriet Tubman made an estimated 19 trips into the South and brought about 300 slaves to the North.

African Americans Essay

The African American journey has been one of trials and tribulations which they suffered greatly to achieve freedom and success. The battle has led the citizens of this nation to have witnessed the first African American President of the United States. The journey that has brought African Americans to the present situation has seen intermittent successes and numerous setbacks. Perseverance from many generations has brought about a gradual but progressive change. The journey begun in a state of slavery, through the act of slavery racism was seen in its rarest forms. The long journey emerged from African Americans being sold to white traders and transported across the Atlantic Ocean. Slaves were auctioned off and sold to the highest bidders. African Americans were considered personal property of the white man and viewed as economic commodity. Their strength and endurance was formed as a result of working in the fields and kitchens from sunrise to sunset. The slaves lived off of the bare necessities in life. This act of slavery existed for decades and helped to shape the course of American history. From slavery to the March on Washington and many other events, African Americans have fought for their rights in United States, and have achieved their identity through many historical movements. The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution officially abolished slavery and freed the slaves to make a life for themselves as the Reconstruction Period. During the Reconstruction Era (1867) African Americans still suffered hardships under the leadership of Andrew Johnson who became president after Lincoln had got assassinated in 1865. Andrew Johnson had no intention of helping the African Americans he wanted to punish the slaveholders in the South. Andrew Jackson opposed giving African Americans the freedom to vote or equal rights. 1870 the 15th Amendment was ratified and became a law that specified African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 3 African American men had the right to vote. Voting was part of African Americans receiving civil liberties. The Civil Rights Movement and racial oppression were very significant moments in the American history. Exploitation was seen based on the color of one’s skin. Oppression was the way to keep the African American’s voice unheard. The dominant race manipulated America and shaped it according to the value of one race in society. Gaining equality was the essence of the struggle for African Americans in which white society pushed to prohibit African Americans from gaining any form of equality. Americans were uninformed and unaware of how corrupt the government officials were. During the historical journey of the African Americans the government failed to have all humans’ best interest in mind. The African American Journey Devastation of trials and tribulations were prevalent among the African Americans before 1865. The Civil War put a new twist on how society tuned into a racist world. Racism was very powerful and demanding during this period in life. Racism still prevails in the present tense only in more subtle ways. Before 1865 issues with slavery depicted lynching, segregation, low wages for job performances and derogatory defamation of character within a race due to skin pigmentation. Slavery and degradation never killed the desire of freedom and a promising future for African Americans. This was one of the foremost occurrences of hatred and dehumanizing of man because of the color of their skin. This exemplified the state of condition the African Americans were placed and recognized that another race was superior or had power over another race. African Americans were considered powerless over their own lives. The Emancipation African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 4 Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment were passed by a strong leader named Abraham Lincoln, which declared all of America’s slaves were free by 1865. In 1865, African Americans were finally feeling like human beings and not like property that endured brutality, harsh whippings, no rights as humans and cruel punishment. The passing of various civil liberty movements’, education, employment and voting privileges improved. Fox (2014) stated that southern blacks were impatient in seeking voting privileges. The U. S. Constitution gave all blacks a nominal right to vote, but southern blacks were often blocked at the polls, and racial apartheid was the foundation of a rigid caste system. The Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendment abolished slavery and Americans were making strides to work things out. After the release of slaves the black codes of law were passed laws, statues, and rules enacted by southern states after the Civil War to gain control over the slaves again and protect the white man’s property from retaliation. The slave owners were worried that they had to do the Plantation work themselves after the slaves were freed, and blacks would want revenge on them because of the hardships of oppression over hundreds of years. Progression of African Americans throughout the 18th and 19th centuries was a struggle. The relationships between blacks and whites were, frustrating and intense, primarily because the concept of reigning in superior positions over African Americans lives in respect to finances, social activities, cultural values or political affiliations has not changed significantly. African Americans fought for equal opportunity and their rights as a human race. They struggled to fit in with society. Despite the developments and changes, many fiscal and visual (how they were perceived) characteristics of African Americans at the end of the nineteenth century did not African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 5 differ from that of the mid-1800s. 1865-1876 was considered a time of change for African Americans but racism continued to cause much pain and despair for African Americans. Two significant events that surfaced to support the emergence of African Americans was the Harlem Renaissance Movement (1920) and the Civil Rights Movement. The Harlem Renaissance contributed to the talents and cultural beliefs of African Americans. They were able to bring perspective and pride to their lives. Harlem Renaissance was defined as: The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. Many had come from the South, fleeing its oppressive caste system in order to find a place where they could freely express their talents (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2002, p. 1). African Americans felt they were able to make specific contributions to society and start communicating their feelings, beliefs and values to others. The Harlem Renaissance Movement brought different racial groups together in appreciation of the music and poetry but did not have much success in breaking the racial divide between the races that were expressed in the Jim Crow excerpts. â€Å"The Renaissance incorporated jazz and the blues, attracting whites to Harlem speakeasies, where interracial couples danced. It contributed to a certain relaxation of racial attitudes among young whites, but its greatest impact was to reinforce race pride among blacks† (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2002, p. 1). The 1964 Civil Rights Movement gave African Americans the right to take a stand against racism. Racial discrimination was a major problem that caused havoc in the lives of African Americans. Several events emerged from the Civil Rights African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 6 movement that made a significant impact on the lives of African Americans- the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Black Power Movement. The events above promoted a means of outlawing racial discrimination. Segregation was protested through political and social protest rallies and campaigns. The Black Power Movement gave African Americans a voice to be heard. Political and religious reasons were heard as their voices resonated throughout society. â€Å"The African American movement gained political legitimacy because it politicized the grievances of collective memory and appealed to a common ancestry to regain for this people cultural, political, and economic rights by rejecting subordination and White cultural supremacy or hegemony† (Jalata, 2002, p. 1). Before the Civil Rights Movement America was considered in the realms of practicing apartheid. All African Americans were humiliated, denied their civil rights and liberties, dehumanized and suffered tremendous hardships. Several movements initiated progress for African Americans. They were finally gaining their rights to live as human beings and become a part of society. â€Å"But the awkward truth is that when it comes to the goals laid down by the civil rights movement in general and Brown in particular, America is actually going backward† (Younge, 2014, p. 10). A school in Little Rock marked a turn in events for African Americans. This was in 1957 when the governor issued an order to the National Guard troops to stop the nine black children from entering the school. The order was denied and a mob of white students intimidated the black students. Federal soldiers escorted the black students into the school and were protected by the armed guards. The governor, African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 7 Faubus, closed all of the city’s schools to prevent integration. The African Americans prevailed regardless of the circumstances. According to Pearson Education (2000) other events that marked a period of setbacks and progression in the lives of African Americans are: †¢1931 NINE BLACK YOUTHS ARE INDICTED IN SCOTTSBORO, ALA., ON CHARGES OF HAVING raped two white women. †¢1947 JACKIE ROBINSON BREAKS MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL’S COLOR BARRIER WHEN HE IS signed to the Brooklyn Dodgers by Branch Rickey. †¢1952 MALCOLM X BECOMES A MINISTER OF THE NATION OF ISLAM. OVER THE NEXT several years his influence increases until he is one of the two most powerful members of the Black Muslims. †¢1963 MARTIN LUTHER KING WAS ARRESTED FOR MARCHING AGAINST ANTI-SEGREGATION. †¢1966 THE BLACK PANTHERS WAS FOUNDED. †¢1967 THURGOOD MARSHALL WAS APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT. †¢2002 HALLE BERRY AND DENZEL WASHINGTON RECEIVED OSCARS FOR BEST ACTORS. †¢1992 RACIAL RIOTS ARE SEEN IN LOS ANGELES AFTER ACQUITTING FOUR WHITE BOYS FOR beating Rodney King. African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 8 †¢2005 CONDOLEEZZA RICE BECOMES THE FIRST BLACK FEMALE U. S. SECRETARY OF STATE. †¢2009 BARACK OBAMA BECAME THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN PRESIDENT. Many problems that exist today seem to be repeating themselves. America seems to be making an upturn and the ugly faces of racism are reappearing. Younge (2014) stated that schools are re-segregating, legislation is being gutted, it’s getting harder to vote, large numbers are being deprived of their basic rights through incarceration, and the economic disparities between black and white are growing. In many areas, America is becoming more separate and less equal. Overcoming hurdles was nothing new to Obama and Colin Powell. Both men achieved success in American society. Obama became the first black president and Colin Powell became Secretary of State and served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Barack Obama is the first African American President of the United States and that is considered a very important step forward in this country. His administration has been one of struggle and plight to succeed because of the turmoil going on in the nation. Obama has succeeded in great ways without the support of many Republicans in the house. Asked â€Å"So, how has being Black affected your ability to govern? ,† Obama replied in part: â€Å"By virtue of being African-American, I’m attuned to how throughout this country’s history there have been times when folks have been locked out of opportunity, and because of the hard work of people of all races† (Cooper, 2012, p. 11). Obama has been successful in making equal opportunity a solution to African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 9 many problems. He has slowly opened the doors to more people and made equal opportunity happen through vigilance and determination. A great historical event occurred when Obama was elected as President. This surprised many Americans in the world. This symbolized a step forward towards racial equality in the history of African Americans. This election captured several important turn of events that said we have made great accomplishments. This completed the Civil Rights Movement and what it stood for, an emergence of a post-racial society, the elimination of multiculturalism and the possibility of ending the black struggle. There were several activist that would not have concluded that the black struggle has ended. Those people were Marcus Garvey, Ella Baker and Huey P. Newton. Their beliefs were based on specific facts that unifying scattered people of African descent, inspiring racial pride, and ultimately creating a separate, independent country should be the goals of racial uplift. Garvey thought black people were oppressed and divided as a race. Because they were ‘scattered as an unmixed and unrecognized part’ in numerous nations they were dependent upon the other races for kindness and sympathy. Many people have struggled to explain the plight of the African American race but the journey was one of hardship, courage and endurance that built character. The African American race has come a long way from cruelty and hardship inflicted during the 1800’s. The journey encompassed freedom, voting rights, civil liberties and equality. African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 10 References Blackpast. org. (2007). African American history timeline 1901-2000. Retrieved from http://www. blackpast. org/timelines/african-american-history-timeline-1900-2000 Cooper, K. J. (2012). The President’s Report Card. Crisis (15591573), 119(4), 6. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=88314705&site=eds-live Educational Broadcasting Corporation (2002). The Harlem Renaissance. Retrieved from http://www. pbs. org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_harlem. html Fox Piven, F. (2014). 50 and FIGHTING. Planning, 80(6), 10. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=96548704&site=eds-live Jalata, A. (2002). Revisiting the black struggle: Lessons for the 21st century. Journal of Black Studies, 33(1). Retrieved from African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 11 http://search.ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=edb&AN=7268500&site=eds-live Kirk, J. (2009). THE LONG ROAD TO EQUALITY. History Today, 59(2), 52-58. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=aph&AN=36590274&site=eds-live Pearson Education. (2000). African American history timeline. Retrieved from http://www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmtimeline. html Younge, G. (2014). The Awkward Truth about Race. Nation, 298(24), 10-11. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=aph&AN=96204081&site=eds-live.

Dont Fear Change Essay examples - 1215 Words

What are you afraid of? Many people are afraid of many things such as death, heights, bugs, or public speaking; but the fear of change ranks high in the list of things that trigger anxiety (Radwan). Is there a reasonable answer why people neglect change nowadays? In fact, there is more than one answer to this question. Change has become such an important aspect of our everyday life that it is impossible to ignore. When it comes to the idea of change, most people will readily agree that some individuals try their hardest to avoid change. The reason behind this known theory is that those individuals don’t fear change; they fear being changed (Rabadam). In the end, change is something that drives them away from wanting to experience other†¦show more content†¦In fact, the main reason to fear failure is how we imagine how others will view us when we fail. For example, if an individual keeps doing the same thing over and over, then the results will never change. As Albert Einstein stated, â€Å"a person, who never made a mistake, never tried anything new† (Brenner). Failure is not the enemy, but a life-changing experience. It is a human experience, and it prepares the way for us to grow and transform our lives. Mistakes are essential to the development of life, just as change is. Nevertheless, change is said to prepare us for life and without change, life would persistently be the same. Admittedly, childhood experiences affect your adulthood. For instance, overprotective parents and parents who spoil their children are those who indirectly teach them to be afraid to change. In the same way, over protection can cause the children to be unready for the real world. When the kids do get out into the real world, they don’t know how to handle it. The individual will be so used to what they knew when growing up that that is all they will expect. That same individual will not follow the pattern of change. A person that doesn’t follow the pattern of change will most likely fear change itself. Furthermore, another reason people fear change is because they fear the past might replicate itself (Radwan). This reason links to the fear of failure in a way. As an illustration, a woman whoShow MoreRelatedCulture Of Fear By Barry Glassner Analysis779 Words   |  4 PagesBalyodh Bhangu Sociology 1010 26 September, 2017 Essay B1 Fearing the Good and Bad Fear is something that will always keep people up at night, whatever we do fear will always be there we can’t do anything about it, but we can choose what we want to fear. The article â€Å"Culture of Fear† by Barry Glassner focuses on the idea of fear, and it’s toll on society and culture of it’s inhabitants. Barry talks about the idea of how one event no matter how small can make us fearful inside. For example if oneRead MoreThe Motivation and Consequences of Fear Essay584 Words   |  3 Pagestoday’s society fear is the cause of most violence. 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We are taught not to live with fear, but we ought to live with the idea that tomorrow will bring more sunshine that it does rain. Although within our thoughts we still think of that storm. It’s not in our intention to do so, but it happens. Often times we don’t fear something until it hits home. For instanceRead MoreFinding Joe1586 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is waiting for us.† First Quote â€Å"I don’t believe people are looking for the meaning of life as much as they are looking for the experience of being alive.† †¢ Thailand: Golden Buddha Start of Film: Who is Joseph Campbell and why should we care? †¢ One story within all the stories – called The Hero’s Journey. Circle Graphic: o Wasteland o The call o Reluctant hero 1. Separation o Fear o Threshold Crossing o Magical Helper Read MoreFear And Its Impact On Learning959 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing successful in school don’t go together. It’s easy to see why. A student might not get very far talking to parents tonight by saying, â€Å"I made a lot of mistakes today in class, but my teacher said that making mistakes is actually a good thing.† Even if the student added that the teacher said students shouldn’t fear making mistakes, some parents may not agree. That’s why students and parents need to know more about fear and its impact on learning. If we don’t want fear of making mistakes to interfereRead MoreWhere Do I Start?1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthese fears that I need to work through, or get help with.† I replied. â€Å"Well, explain them to me, so that I can possibly help you.† â€Å"Where do I start? I fear police cars. I fear that they’ll pull into my driveway. I worry they will be there just to tell me something I don’t want to hear. Something like a family member passing away.† I stated, then paused. â€Å"That’s an understandable fear. 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These feelings are likely to have been given through primary and secondary agents of socialization, i.e. parents, friends and the media. I have watched a film advertisement for multiple sclerosis, which has stereotypes within it; I will analyze it and write about any changes that could be made to estimate stereotypes To make a film representation of an