Essay Josef Mengele, The Angel of Death - 1417 Words

Throughout the Holocaust Years, and shortly afterwards, there was a man that struck fear in the people imprisoned in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp – â€Å"the Angel of Death†. He was a man who showed up for selections with a demeanor that made one think he was handsome and debonair yet, one could not possibly think of the monstrosities that he committed during World War II. Even more disturbing is that â€Å"wherever he sprang up, Death spread its shadow.† (Wiesel xix) In 1911, Karl and Walburga delivered a baby boy, Josef Mengele, in Gunzburg, Germany. While studying medicine and anthropology, he developed an interest in genetics. His experimental ideas sprouted from these interests. Mengele made his presence known at the camps he†¦show more content†¦Luckily for Eva Kor and Dr. Mengele, not only did the twin girl survive, but she forgave Mengele – perhaps it is people like these who truly frighten Mengele back into hiding. Among other experiments, Mengele also decided to do some research on a disease called Noma that was rare, but usually occurred in gypsies. â€Å"At one point, Mengele had two of the Gypsy children killed so that he could examine their detached heads.† (Cefrey 87) It is important to note that Mengele preferred children as patients or guinea pigs; while the reason is mysterious it could be assumed due to children being naà ¯ve or easier to obtain than adults (especially twins) and could be easily ripped a way from parents. It is said that Mengele â€Å"knew exactly why they were there and how killing Jews could advance their careers.† (Wistrich 229) With this being said, there is no doubt as to why survivors and governments have tried to track down Dr. Mengele for countless years after the war. However, is it possible that there might have been a soft side to this man? After all, some twins did call him â€Å"Uncle Mengele†; he had to care for them at least a little bit to make sure that they stay alive, even if for his evil necessities. â€Å"Yet even Mengele, a musicShow MoreRelatedJosef Mengele : The Angel Of Death Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesJosef Mengele, known to many as the Angel of Death, was one of the most infamous doctors in the Holocaust. Born to a German, upper class, devout Catholic family in 1911, Mengele began feeling a sense of social, religious and racial superiority at an incredibly young age (ushmm.org). In 1931, he joined a nationalistic veteran’s organiza tion and began growing incredibly fascinated by the Nazi regime; reinforcing his already established framework of personal supremacy. At this early stage, the pathRead MoreThe Angel Of Death - Original Writing1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Angel of Death Imagine: you and your twin sister have just been taken from your family and thrown in a train with no possessions but the clothes on your backs. The train is filled to the brim with bodies of terrified strangers, and you struggle to move an inch. You receive no food on the ride, which lasts nearly a week. People are getting sick and dying because of the poor conditions and bitter cold. A child next to you lies dead on the floor, crushed by the weight of others trying to move aroundRead MoreThe Inhumane Experiments that Happened in Auschwitz: Josef Mengele 639 Words   |  3 Pages‘patient’ of Dr. Josef Mengele, Mr. Yitzhak Ganon. Mr. Ganon was of the survivors of the inhumane experiments that took place in Auschwitz by the hand of the abominable man that is Josef Mengele. Josef Mengele was one of the most infamous men associated with the Holocaust, his cruel experiments on twins, jews, gypsies, and the other being held at Auschwitz made him widely known for his cruel ty, warranting him the title of â€Å"The Angel of Death. How is an evil born? How does the Angel of Death get its wingsRead MoreThe Killer Savior: Josef Mengele Essays886 Words   |  4 PagesOver 3,000 twin children were killed by Josef Mengele. A Holocaust twin survivor shares their accounts during the Holocaust. She says†my brother had multiple experiments, ranging from amputations to body part transplants.† She never saw her brother every again after these tragic. Such cruelty is unimaginable in some peoples eyes. This was not to Josef Mengele, these events can truly express who Dr. Mengele was as a person. These tragic occurrences come in a wide range of danger whether its from bodyRead MoreDr. Josef Mengele: Inhumane Experimental Activities Essay626 Words   |  3 Pages Josef Mengele, SS physician notorious for his inhumane experimental activities upon Jewish prisoners of the Auschwitz death camp during WWII. Mengele performed both physical and psychological experiments towards both identical and fraternal twins. He preformed experimental surgeries without anesthesia, made injections with lethal germs, as well as attempting to change eye color with harsh chemicals. Mengele was commonly referred as â€Å"The Angel of Death.† Josef Mengele was born on MarchRead MoreEssay on Dr. Mengele1458 Words   |  6 Pagesstory of Josef Mengele is one that is filled many twists and turns that play out like a suspense story with an ending that does not seem to fit what one would expect. The authors of the book Mengele: The Complete Story, Gerald L. Posner and John Ware, wrote this book largely with information taken from diaries and letters of Mengeleamp;#8217;s, and interviews with those who knew him. It is a look into the life and times of a man whose nickname was amp;#8220;The Angel of Death.; Josefamp;#8217;sRead MoreThe Angel Of Death: Joseph Mengele Essay1793 Words   |  8 Pages The Angel Of Death Two simple words, I promise can change a life. However not all promises are restricted to the light side, some may feed on the darkness of evil. A promise means a declaration or assurance that one will do a particular thing or that a particular thing will happen.Victims of the Nazi genocide felt strongly about many topics including their religion, one Holocaust victim said, â€Å"I have more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. He alone has kept his promises, all his promises, toRead MoreVictoria Anderson - The Angel of Death901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Angel of Death We have all heard about the tragedy of the Holocaust. Horrendous, atrocious, brutal. These are all words that are used to describe the endless suffering of the Jewish people. But what not many people know of are the dark and sinister scientists that were behind a lot of this genocide. Thousands of people, murdered. Not the citizens that were plastered on the headlines of every Newspaper, but the victims who suffered in silence. The innocent people that were tortured, degradedRead MoreMedical Experiments of the Holocaust Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Afro-Germans, Slavs, communists, the handicapped, and the mentally disabled. These groups were targeted, stripped away of their rights and citizenship, and then sent to concentration camps. Some of these camps were death camps; created for the sole purpose to annihilate these groups of people, mainly the Jews. At these camps, the prisoners were tortured, starved, brutally killed, and experimented on. In this research paper, I am going to discuss some of the medicalRead MoreThe World s Most Dangerous Leaders1601 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat power and leader. All of the world s most dangerous leaders have shown there lives as an enemy or hero after childhood,but not as a kid.To figure out who is the worst we may go over who does what,when they did that and how. Throughout Adolf,Josef,and Benito’s Lives to become such a person that evil does not just come about or randomly,there has to be reasonings why a human being would be so angry and insane. Well maybe there is,in the beginnings of their early lives in childhood and early adulthood

Essay about Enron Case - 637 Words

1. The Enron debacle created what one public official reported was a â€Å"crisis of confidence† on the part of the public in the accounting profession. List the parties who you believe are most responsible for that crisis. Briefly justify each of your choices. a) With Enron, the responsibility and blame started with Enron’s executives, Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, and Andrew Fastow. Their goal was to make Enron into the world’s greatest company. To make this goal a reality, they created a company culture that encouraged â€Å"rule breaking† and went so far as to â€Å"discourage employees from reporting and investigating ethical lapses and questionable business dealings† (Knapp, 2010, p. 14). They insisted the employees use aggressive and illegal†¦show more content†¦For purposes of this question, assume that the excerpts from the Powers Report shown in Exhibit 3 provide accurate descriptions of Andersen’s involvement in Enron’s accounting and financial reporting decisions. Given this assumption, do you believe that Andersen’s involvement in those decisions violated any professional auditing standards? If so, list those standards and briefly explain your rationale. a) General Standard #2: The auditor must maintain independence in mental attitude in all matters relating to the audit (AICPA, 2012). Anderson did not practice independence from the company they were auditing. They were too involved in too many of Enron’s activities. b) General Standard #3: The auditor must exercise due professional care in the performance of the audit and the preparation of the report (AICPA). They failed to act in a professional manner and to practice due care when they violated any of the standards. c) Field Work Standard #2 : The auditor must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements whether due to error or fraud, and to design the nature, timing, and extent of further audit procedures (AICPA). Enron had no procedure for internal controls. Therefore, Anderson could not have sufficient understanding of the internal controls. d) Reporting Standard #3: When the auditor determines that informative disclosures are notShow MoreRelatedEnron Case1075 Words   |  5 PagesMINI CASE: THE FILURE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AT ENRON 1.Which parts of the corporate governance system, internal and external, do you believe failed Enron the most? In the evaluation of the Enron’s case; by trying to see the very big picture, it is not only about that the internal part of the corporate governance system was failed or but also the external part of the corporate governance system was also failed. As noted on the last paragraph of the mini case, many people from different positionsRead MoreEnron Case1899 Words   |  8 PagesENRON CASE Please read the Enron cases posted on blackboard and the one in your book then answer the following questions based upon the case and Chapter 9. Make sure that your answers are supported by the facts of the case and the concepts you learned from Chapter 5. Please rely only on the case/chapter 9 to answer the questions except for question # 12—requires outside search. Make sure your answers are sufficiently brief, concise, and relevant to the question. Please avoid generalRead MoreEnron Case2186 Words   |  9 PagesPart B: What role did the CFO play in creating the problems that led to Enron’s financial problems? In order to prevent the losses from appearing on its financial statements, Enron used questionable accounting practices. To misrepresent its true financial condition, Andrew Fastow, the Enron’s CFO, takes his role involving unconsolidated partnerships and â€Å"special purpose entities†, which would later become known as the LJM partnership. Taking advantage from the SPEs’s main purpose, which providedRead MoreEnron Case2402 Words   |  10 Pages Imane Malihi Prof. Fred Friend BLW411/511 March 27, 2014 The Downfall of Enron Corporation â€Å"Ethics and integrity are at the core of sustainable long term success †¦ Without them, no strategy can work and, as Enron has demonstrated, enterprises will fail. That’s despite having some of the ‘smartest’ guys in the room.† by Richard Rudden. As the quotation states, ethics and integrity play a key role in the success of any corporation; through these principles, companies can ensure their complianceRead MoreThe Case Of The Enron Case Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pages1.1. One of the most important fraud cases in the USA was The Enron case because of his criminal activity which involved a big part of USA. Let me give a short introduce about it, â€Å"In 1974, Kenneth Lay joined the Florida Gas Company, eventually serving as president of its successor company, Continental Resources Company. In 1981, he left Continental to join Transco Energy Company in Houston, Texas. Three years later, Lay joined Houston Natural Gas Co. as chairman and CEO. The company merged withRead MoreENRON Case Study1572 Words   |  7 Pages1. The Enron debacle created what one public official reported was a â€Å"crisis of confidence† on the part of the public in the accounting profession. List the parties who you believe are most responsible for that crisis. Briefly justify each of your choices. Following parties are believed to be the most responsible for the crisis. With any big organization going so bad, the blame starts with the top level executives, there was no different in this case. For Enron the blame started with Enron’sRead MoreEnron Case2918 Words   |  12 Pagesseemed eliminate confidence by the business world about the practice of good corporate governance in the United States. Enron was a company that was ranked as seventh out of the five hundred leading companies in the United States and is the largest U.S. energy company that went bankrupt leaving debts amounting to nearly U.S. $ 31.2 billion. In instance with the case of Enron known occurrence of moral threat behavior such as manipulation of financial statements with a record 600 million dollar profitRead MoreCase: 9 Enron928 Words   |  4 PagesCase 9: Enron; Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse Bruce Smith Minnesota School of Business BS430 Business Ethics MR. Morris November 25, 2012 1. 2. 1. How did the corporate culture of Enron contribute to its bankruptcy? Effective leaders are good at getting followers to their common goals or objectives in the most effective and efficient way; unfortunately for Enron, in the end Ken Lay and Jeffery skilling were too focused on profits that nothing else mattered. In theRead MoreEnron Case Study5921 Words   |  24 PagesEnron Case Study [pic] Part A: Problem Focused Analysis and Recommendations. 1. Brief Case Background. List key events, use timeline. Case Background At one time Enron was one of the world’s largest producers of natural gas, oil, and electricity. It also appeared to be one of the most profitable companies, taking shareholders from $19.10 in 1999 to $90.80 by the end of 2000. Enron’s top management answered to a Board of Directors whose responsibility was to question and challenge new partnershipsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Case1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enron case is a very popular case to show how the profession of accounting is vital to make the corporate world of business flow reliably. Enron was recognized as one of the world’s major electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper’s company. However Enron was found to record assets and profits at inflated, fraudulent and non-existent amounts. Debts and losses were found to be excluded from financial statements along with other major transactions between Enron and other companies

The definition of the genre of the Bible Free Essays

John The genre of this book is gospel. The key theme of John is Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and he is the one who gives everlasting life. Key characters in this book are Jesus, John the Baptist, Lazarus, and Mary Magdalene. We will write a custom essay sample on The definition of the genre of the Bible or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first part of John tells of Jesus’ ministry and teachings. John tells of how Jesus performed miracles such as healing the lame and blind and bringing Lazarus back from death. The story of the feeding of the five thousand is also mentioned in John. In chapters 13-17 John tells of Jesus’ time just before his death and resurrection. Here, Jesus prays for His disciples and for Himself. The last part of the book tells of the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Here, He is crucified on the cross after being trialed and convicted illegally. Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene after arising from His tomb. He also appears to His disciples. Acts The genre of this book is narrative. The key theme of Acts is showing the reader how believers in Jesus were empowered by the Holy Ghost to spread His Word throughout the world. Key characters are Paul, Peter, John, Stephen, Timothy, and James. The author of Acts is Luke. The beginning chapters tell of the Church starting from infancy. Peter delivers a wonderful sermon to the Jews. As a result, three thousand people accepted Christ as their Savior. The apostles start spreading the Word to different areas. Luke tells of how Stephen is falsely accused and stoned to death. The Apostle Paul (originally named Saul) has a life altering experience while traveling to Damascus. Before being convicted by the Holy Spirit, Paul oppressed early Christians. The last parts of Acts tell of the gospel being spread to the Gentiles. Paul travels to Macedonia with Silas to spread the gospel. Paul then travels to Jerusalem and gets arrested and is imprisoned. Hebrews The genre of this book is epistle. The purpose of Hebrews was to show Christians that Jesus Christ was perfect and greater than anything Judaism had to offer. The author wrote Hebrews to a group of Christians that were debating returning back to Judaism and reverting back to their old ways. Unlike other books in the New Testament, Hebrews brings focus on the Old Testament. In early chapters of Hebrews, the author presents to the reader the power of the Word. He also tells that,† faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen†(11:1) The author gives us great examples of the faithful people from the Old Testament and tells of having faith in Jesus is the basis of our salvation. The author conveys to the recipients of Hebrews that straying away from faith will have consequences and that they not turn away from the Truth. James The genre of this book is epistle. The purpose of James was to encourage Jewish believers to live great Christian lives and to continue growing in faith. The key characters in James are himself and Jewish Christians. James teaches the relationship between faith and works and how faith should be put into action. He states that we should not only listen to the Word but be doers of the Word and that good works are not the cause of salvation. Good works are the result of salvation. He tells the believers that everyone is a sinner and if even one of the Ten Commandments is broken, then all are broken. James then instructs that we should submit to God and serve Him and to turn away from evil. He ends the letter telling us to be patient in suffering and to pray for one another. He also expresses to us the importance of living in faith. Revelation The genre of this book is apocalyptic. The purpose of Revelation is to give hope to all of us and to continue to watch for the return of the King. It also gives of warning of the Final Judgment and what nonbelievers will have to endure. The author of Revelation is John. He explains how an angel comes to him in a vision instructing him to send letters to seven churches about his revelation. The book tells of how the final days will be on earth and how there will be an Anti-Christ that will rule until God throws him into the Lake of Fire. John tells of plagues that will be cast onto the world and he speaks of the final resting place of the non-believer. They will show the wrath of God’s judgment on the wicked. Lastly, John describes  the New Heaven and the New Jerusalem. There will be no tears, crying, or death! How to cite The definition of the genre of the Bible, Papers

Treatment of Anticoagulation

Question: Write an essay on Pharmacology? Answer: Joe Estaphalou was prescribed with sucralfate and warfarin. These two drugs have been used for the treatment of anticoagulation. But when these two drugs are taken together, it will affect each others function. If sucralfate is taken orally then it has an adverse effect on the warfarin (Siest, 2015). As sucralfate suppress the absorption of warfarin by the stomach and intestine. As a result the level of warfarin becomes reduced in the blood if they are taken together. On the other hand warfarin has the same effect on the absorption of the sucralfate if taken by mouth. The interaction of these two medicine categorized in the minor. Core drug knowledge includes the knowledge of pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, contraindications and precautions of the drugs to be used, adverse effects of every drug, and also the knowledge of the drug interaction. Core drug knowledge also includes the knowledge about the drugs that can be taken orally(Aschenbrenner and Venable, 2009). The knowledge provides the knowledge that not all drugs can be taken orally. Along with this it provides the fact that food can interfere the absorption of the drug and it also has the effect on the dissolution of the drugs. The laboratory values include the laboratory test result of the human body system like red blood cell count, platelet count, white blood cell count etc. The core knowledge of the drug can affect the laboratory values as the core knowledge of drug can affect the laboratory values. The variables that can be considered as the most important variable are the health status of the patient, life span of the patient, gender, lifestyle lead by the patient, diet and habits, environment, cultural and inherited traits etc. The considerable variable of the health status includes the information about the health related issues while the patient receiving the drug therapy, the information about the current issues related t the health of the patient (Siest, 2015). The life span is an important factor or variable to be considered when administering the drug to the patient if there is a consideration of the developing fetus. There are some aspects present in the core drug knowledge that to be considered in the interaction with the core patient variables. They are as follows, the information of the patient current health status that is, the occurrence of any kind of impairment in the organ functioning, the blood pressure of the patient, if the vital signs are all ok and normal, the heart rate , the diet of the patient and the life style lead by the patient(Aschenbrenner and Venable, 2009). The nursing assessment includes six steps; they are diagnosis of the disease, identification of the result, planning for the future therapy, intervention and at last evaluation. Nursing assessments that are important for the drug therapy are as follows, the health status of the patient, that the patient has any kind of disease, illness, organ dysfunction, chronic condition etc. after that the considerable factor is the age, reproductive stage, psychologic development and gender. Nurses along with this need to know what kind of drug the patient has used and prescribed for. Nursing assessment also includes the collecting the information of the community background of the patient that can affect the therapy procedure of the patient (Siest, 2015). The assessments that can tell the possible adverse effect of the drug therapy are as follows; if the patient has any kind of allergy from any drug, All the laboratory findings have to be observed as evidence; otherwise the drug therapy may affect the health of the patient. Finding of the drugs that are to be administered intravenously or orally to the patient. Monitoring the blood pressure before administering of any drug. To maximize the therapeutic effect of any drug the nurse must know the desired out come of the drug used for the patient. The nurse should administer the drug in a manner that can be absorbed by the patients system. The nurse should know the appropriate time of the administration of the drug to the patient(Aschenbrenner and Venable, 2009). Nurse should maintain the laboratory values at the time o administration of the drug t the patient. To minimize the adverse effect of the drug nurse should follow some rule at the time of applying the drug to the patient. The nurse should verify the patient to not having any kind of allergy. The drug should be administered maintaining a standard safety protocol. The nurse should have the laboratory report of the patient; therefore she can plan the drug therapy in accordance with the report. Nurse should discontinue the drug therapy if there is any kind of complications take place (Siest, 2015). Nurse should report the doctor if any kind of adverse effect if she found any kind of complication. Before administering of any drug blood pressure of the patient should be checked by the nurse. Mr. Estaphalou required the education for his drug therapy are like the name of the drug including both generic name and trade name, the function of the drug, is there s any kind of contradiction after taking the drug. Nurse should include the timing of taking the drug, the procedure of taking the drug, what to do if the dose is forgotten by the patient, during the drug taking period what kind of activities the patient should avoid. The guidelines should include the information about the interaction between the drug and the food, any kind of interaction of drug to drug if present should be mentioned in the guideline. If there is any recommendation for the storage of the drug then it should be mentioned there(Aschenbrenner and Venable, 2009). Reference List Aschenbrenner, D. and Venable, S. (2009).Drug therapy in nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Siest, G. (2015). From DMDI Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions to DMPT Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy.Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy, 30(1), p.1.

The Mystics in “What the Bleep Do We Know” an Example by

Uncovering the Bleep: The Mystics in â€Å"What the Bleep Do We Know?† The possibilities presented in the book create different realties and truths for those that would read it. These possibilities can be too influential to those that do not have enough background in terms of the fields discussed in the book; the readers can be easily misled to conclusions that are drawn from questionable justifications that do not even qualify as science (McCue, 2006, p. 1). Reading the books summaries from others who opted to work on the same piece exposes possible structural problems inherent to the book. Taking for example, the Alice in Wonderland likeness of the film collages many scientific approaches into a whole form of art slash informative melodrama that does not has a definite identification of its real and unreal scientific explanations. According to some critics of the book, its authors failed to attribute the correct proportions of the reputable figures included in the book (scientists, philosophers, religious leader, etc.) drive to push forth their concep ts as real science (McCue, 2006, p. 1). Due to this failure, the book exposes their readers to questionable notions of truths and fallacies. Need essay sample on "Uncovering the Bleep: The Mystics in What the Bleep Do We Know?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Usually Tell EssayLab professionals: How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper now? Essay writers suggest: Follow Essaylab Writing Service Taking into consideration the possible structural flaw of the book leads this paper to delve further into discussing the basic criticisms to What the Bleep Do We Know?- exaggerates the value of quantum mechanics and anti-scientific. The authors of What the Bleep Do We Know? find themselves in a position that imposes a need to explain the value of quantum mechanics. Defining quantum mechanics with a single focal point is virtually impossible; quantum mechanics as a form of science has branched out to many forms (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2000, p. n.pag.). In mathematical terms, quantum mechanics is well explained through the measurement structures it was able to provide and even with the theoretical- practical bearing it has (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2000, p. n.pag.). On the other hand, in terms of quantum mechanics being a tool to draw out a concept what the world is, up to date is highly contested. The scientific community has been clamoring to debunk and prove quantum mechanics as an integral part of the sciences. The vagueness that quantum mechanics exposes through its failure to provide the interpretations that it push for, gives enough reason for many members of the scientific community to scrap the whole idea of quantum mechanics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2000, p. n.pag.). In the book What the Bleep Do We Know? the argumentation for quantum mechanics is scrapped by the scientific community in the same way that it scrapped the theoretical aspect of the said paradigm. What the Bleep Do We Know? finds guilt in pursuing quantum mechanics to create realities in vital parts of the book; the book can even be said to be guilty of asserting realities through modern day quantum mechanics principles. This critics allegation can be proven through three major examples included in the book. First, Candace Pert narrated in the book that the Native American as well as the part of Columbus have major problems in seeing each other since both parties are unaware of the existence of each other (Intuitor.com, 2005, p. n.pag.). The Native American people supposedly were unable to see the gigantic ship of Columbus since the actual physical attributes of the ship is not included in the consciousness that the Native Americans have. In the same way, Columbus during that time was supposedly unaware of the canoes used by the Native Americans. Using this example exposes the bias of the book to generalize even a history that is unverifiable to has occurred in a time frame on ly explainable through quantum mechanics such as seen in the failure of the brain fluxes to explain the presence of the ships and the canoe. This example was included in the book and was treated as a verified fact; but in reality, this event is still contested in terms of it being an actual event or even it occurring at all. Second, the cited example of the P-59 and P-38 pilots who argued that the P-59 pilots claim regarding the existence of jet planes shows the inconsistencies within the books context sued in quantum mechanics (Intuitor.com, 2005, p. n.pag.). One of the pilots of the P-59 supposedly dressed up as a gorilla and passed clear of the practicing P-38. Supposedly, after the event the P-38 pilots never mentioned any articulation of doubt with the realness of the claim of P-59 pilots that jet planes exist (Intuitor.com, 2005, p. n.pag.). Finally, the water photographs used in the book depicted the different use of labels and the extent of the influence of the use of such labels. In What the Bleep Do We Know?, ordinary individuals are said to be composed of 90% water; it is scientifically known that this proportion is a fallacy to the real physical nature of individuals. The point for enumerating these three examples is simply to point out that quantum mechanics as represented and used in the book What the Bleep Do We Know? is highly contestable in terms of validity and realness. The idea that realities can be constructed in a relative manner molds reality itself in a manner that is too superficial and in the borderline of being a fallacy. The claim that the Native Americans and Columbus are not aware of each other can be contested with the generalization that inference is one of the characteristics of mentally enabled bodies. It is not historically proven that during that event, ignorance has really sprung out and affected both parties. It is also plausible that maybe the two parties are aware of each other but do not have a parallel system of representation to address and recognize such existence. Among the other possibilities, the ancient nature of such example makes verifying it even harder to achieve because there are no written history to account for it. On the second example, the authors of the book took a stand that yes perceptions can be made even without prior experience to the event; the submissive reaction of the P-38 pilots exposes the reality that consciousness and experience can lead to different perceptions. The idea that the second example showed counters the idea of the first example since the first e xample generalizes that humans are incapable of processing what they presuppose as not parts of their consciousness and experience. The last example shows the power of labels, in such a way that it can completely modify existing conventions of meaning and value. If this is the case then labels should be the only focus of all academic institutions since knowing labels literally translates to knowing everything else there is to know (Intuitor.com, 2005, p. n.pag.). Alongside with the confusing use of the concept of quantum mechanics in molding reality, What the Bleep We Do Know? is also guilty of developing a perverse advocacy to a superior being or God through quantum mechanics. In the figure of Ramtha, quantum mechanics was used as the benchmark of modernizing sciences closer and closer to what cannot be perceived by the sensory faculties such as the existence of God (Intuitor.com, 2005, p. n.pag.). There is nothing wrong with advocating for the merging of religion and of the sciences, as long as it is not achieved through the fabrication of highly theoretical and even fallacious claims that seeks to replace the existing consciousness by harnessing more popular acceptance. At this point, this paper sees the book What the Bleep We Do Know? as guilty in terms of having the motive of misleading the believers of quantum mechanics to become more anti-scientific and pro-religion, such as vocalized by the books critics as Mormonism (McCue, 2006, p. 4). Furthermore, these criticisms were articulated even by one of the featured characters in the film version of the book. David Albert of Columbia University expressed outrage with the way scientific arguments are used and fabricated in the final output of What the Bleep We Do Know? (Intuitor.com, 2005, p. n.pag.). He argued that the book and even the movie uses the purity of science to open up interpretations which are misguided and will only lead to more distortions in the understanding of science (Intuitor.com, 2005, p. n.pag.). This criticism paves the way for coining the books authors as advocates of pseudoscience. Pseudoscience is the attempt to masquerade unscientifically proven knowledge as real science by mixing it up with the genuine science (Lower, 2008, p. n.pag.). The claim of Albert shows the potential of the book to follow the same path; the book has the tendencies to make the pseudoscience of quantum mechanics as the justifying scientific proof for its claims. Putting all of the criticisms regarding What the Bleep We Know? into a holistic picture paints an image that shows the power of propaganda fuelled campaigns in construing realities for the benefit of their cause. Whether the authors of the book advocate Mormonism or simply quantum mechanics is no longer the concern of this paper. Everything presented in this paper represent the most well articulated arguments in proving the major flaw of the book put into close examination- quantum mechanics and being anti-science. Conclusion: Defining the Bleep This paper started with its thesis that the book that turned to movie What the Bleep Do We Know? is best discussed through its quantum mechanics implications. The presented arguments in this research paper show the dominant concepts of quantum mechanics in the whole book; thus making the thesis statement fully realized. Other thesis could have been put forward such as defining the bleep. However, this paper deems it to be almost cosmically impossible to achieve since the bleep as represented in the book is laden with too many definitions and meanings. On the other hand, this research paper deems that it has accomplished explaining its thesis through the arguments presented in the earlier parts of the paper. In the same way, this research paper recognizes its responsibility to generalize its position after analyzing the most pronounced criticisms for and against the main thesis of the book. Nonetheless, the authors have created more than a fun way of viewing ones reality. Truly, the authors that set out to create an alternative way of molding realities were able to achieve their goals; given that their goal really is to provide new ways of viewing reality. The arguments presented in this research paper reveal the best and worst parts of the book as an informative and transforming book; but, it can still be said that balancing the arguments is still needed. Taking into consideration the negative reactions of the science community as presented in the later part of the paper reveals that there are existing contradictions between the scientific claims of the authors and science backed up scholars. The book is guilty in terms of perverting some scientific pillars to pave way for the arguments that it would like to push forth. The authors as mentioned by David Albert are guilty of creatively fabricating the small parts of the real science to form a whole new science; a new one but not necessarily a real one. It appears that the most pronounced negative criticism thrown at the authors of the book is rooted on the grounds of quantum mechanics. This can be said to be true since most of the assertions in the paper are deemed to be fallacious even in terms of quantum mechanics. However, the most successful contributions of this book to its audience and even the scientific world also lie within the tenet of quantum mechanics. The authors inclusion of quantum mechanics made the book more vital in terms of contributing for the academic world and even to the lives of its readers. The reality dynamism that is observable in the whole book provided an escape for those that find their reality too constrained and too linear. Conclusively, it can be said that the safest way of assessing the book What the Bleep Do We Know? is through its effects on readers in terms of good habits such as positive thinking. In terms of being an academic piece this book definitely fails in the conventions of the academic world. It can be said that the use of the book would determine its efficacy and value. Bibliography Arntz, W., Chasse, B., & Vicente, M. (2005). What the Bleep Do We Know? . Florida: Health Communications, Inc. Baron, D. (2004). What the Bleep Does It Mean? Retrieved July 30, 2010, from www.scribd.com: https://www.scribd.com/document/6728559/What-the-Bleep-Does-It-Mean-By-Dov-Baron Laitman, R. M. (2006). Kabbalah, Science and the Meaning of Life. Toronto: Kabbalah Laitman Publishers. Lower, S. (2008). Pseudoscience. Retrieved July 30, 2010, from www.chem1.com: http://www.chem1.com/acad/sci/pseudosci.html Positive-Thinking-Principles.com. (2010). Dr. Masaru Emoto: The Power Of Thoughts. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2000, November 29). Quantum Mechanics.

Scientific Management vs. Needs Theorists

Scientific Management vs. Needs Theorists Free Online Research Papers This essay will discuss the notion that the claims of the ‘Needs Theorists’, though impressive, are impractical in reality and therefore, that Taylors Scientific Management approach is better suited for achieving organisational effectiveness and efficiency. The importance of understanding and predicting human behaviour in an organisational setting became of prime importance in the late 1950’s early 1960’s. Prior to then bureaucratic practices and scientific management techniques had sufficed as mechanisms through which management could maximise control and productivity. The reliance on psychology as a legitimatory tool for managerial solutions to workplace problems has led to claims that it and it alone, has provided solutions to many of the human problems encountered in business. Lecture notes (4/11/2007) The Needs theories are based on simple ideas that work-related behaviours are directed to satisfying certain needs. People will try their hardest to achieve in and outside work to satisfy their needs depending on the type and quality of that need. A. Furnham (1997) The most well known theory is that of Maslow (1954). Maslows theory supposed that people have five types of needs that are activated in a hierarchical manner. And then the needs are aroused in a specific order, that the lower-order need must be satisfied before the next higher-order needs have been satisfied. When the lowest-order need is met then the next highest need in the hierarchy is triggered, and so on. A. Furnham (1997) At the beginning of the twentieth century an influential model of organisational behaviour was scientific management which was the approach that was developed by F. W. Taylor, which he intended for achieving organisational effectiveness and efficiency. The basis of his approach is that if you study what to do in sufficient detail you can optimise the performance of individuals by cutting out all the redundant effort and maximising the useful movements. J. Weightman (1999) â€Å"For example, by looking at how someone skins and slices white fish in a factory you can see that some workers are much more efficient than others. By analysing them ‘scientifically’, that is systematically, to see each movement they make of the fish, hands, body and knife you can arrive at a pattern to teach others to make them more efficient fish skinners and slicers. if this principle of careful analysis is then applied to the whole selection of staff and equipment you arrive at a scientifically managed organisation.† J. Weightman (1999) This scientific procedure is still seen in such devices as quality procedures, the design of control systems in factories and in the analysis of tasks for piece work. The hard part of using only such a ‘hard’ mechanistic approach is that its hard to take into account any individual differences because not everyone is able to work effectively in the same way. And some individuals may fail to show their initiative and creativity that they have to offer. However the approach can also be useful to managers where the turnover of staff is high, a simple routine task or where the staff cannot be expected to be very motivated. Mcdonald’s food chain is a prime example of this approach. It has scientifically analysed every aspect of their business from the raw materials and packaging, to training of the staff. Another example is call centres like telephone banking and advice lines, where the staff are always under pressure to reach targets and they have little influence over their work. J. Weightman (1999) Research Papers on Scientific Management vs. Needs TheoristsThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThree Concepts of PsychodynamicResearch Process Part OneOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfStandardized TestingTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesDefinition of Export Quotas

Influenza as a Viral Infectious Disease Research Paper

Influenza as a Viral Infectious Disease - Research Paper Example Natural hosts of this virus are wild aquatic birds and it can be transmitted to the domestic poultry and infect human. Influenza B virus is less virulent, and it has only one serotype. It usually infects human and does not have other natural hosts. The human receives immunity to this virus in early ages, but still, it doesn’t give us lasting immunity as the virus mutates. Influenza C is less spread and is transmitted to human, pigs, and dogs. (CDC,2014) Aerosol transmission is the most common way of the spread of influenza virus. People can be infected when they inhale aerosols that contain viruses. The other way of transmission is direct one when mucus from an infected person gets in eyes, nose or mouth of a healthy person. Also, it can be transmitted through immediate contact with contaminated surfaces. The main symptoms of influenza are fever, temperature runs up to 38-39 C, fatigue, aching muscles, headache, dry cough, runny nose. Usually, people recover in one to two weeks after appropriate treatment. But sometimes complications such as pneumonia may occur.( Cowling BJ,2014) Influenza is a quite ole disease as it was preserved throughout human history. The first evidence of influenza pandemic was observed in Russia in 1580 and then spread to Europe. The highest amount of people was infected during the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918-1919 and it caused approximately 20 million deaths worldwide and 500.000 deaths in the United States. There were a lot of different symptoms and this disease was misdiagnosed as cholera or typhoid. Lately was observed that symptoms were provoked by bacterial pneumonia. Other influenza pandemics were not so huge. Among them was an Asian flu pandemic in 1957 that caused 70.000 deaths in the United States, Hong Kong flu in 1968 provoked 34.000 deaths in the United States, Russian flu in 1977 and 2009-2010 flu pandemic. Therefore, influenza is an infectious disease that causes by a virus. It is a quite common disease nowadays. Children and elderly are at the highest risk. Influenza transmitted through the air and immediate contact w ith contaminated surfaces. There were a lot of influenza pandemics that cause a high rate of deaths all over the world. They included Spanish flu, Asian flu, Hong Kong flu. To prevent influenza trivalent and the quadrivalent vaccine is available that provides immunity against different influenza virus subtypes. The most effective and safe treatment of influenza contains such medicines as oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine, and rimantadine.

Metal Toxicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metal Toxicity - Essay Example Metal toxicity of water may be defined as the dissolved metal concentration per unit volume of water. Various models have been developed to predict acute metal toxicity of water. Following are the most used and most satisfactory models used for acute metal toxicity prediction: To calculate water effect ratio first of all one solution is prepared in laboratory with known toxicity and average range of pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and specific conductivity is calculated. After that a water sample is collected from a site whose water effect ratio has to be calculated. Metal toxicity of the site water is calculated and the values of test from lab sample and site sample are used to calculate the ratio. Free ion activity model is based on the fact that there is always equilibrium between free metal ions in a solution. This model uses Ion characteristics to predict the relative toxicity effects of metal ions. Most ion characteristics that are useful in predictive modeling of metal toxicity reflect the binding tendencies of metals to ligands (Christopher P. Tatara, Michael C. Newman, John T. McCloskey, Phillip L. Williams). The concentration of metal ions in a solution depends upon various factors such as temperature and chemistry of water. Free ion activity model predicts the metal toxicity by directly measuring the metal ion concentration in water. This model is based on the assumption that organism only responds to the free-metal ion concentration in solution, regardless of the nature of the metal complexes present in water (J. Phycol, 2005). For example in case of AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) if the Cl- ion increase that that can be consumed by Ag+ ions the concentration of Cl- will increase in water and if the concentration of Cl- ions is lesser than that of Ag+ there will be more free Ag+ cations in the water. And if the extra Ag+ ions are not consumed by other anions available in water the Ag metal toxicity of water will increase. Biotic Ligand Model The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) use metal speciation and the protective effects of competing cations (+ve metal ions) to predict metal binding at a surface with possibility of acute metal toxicity (e.g. gill of a fish). A legand may be defined as chemical structures that bind with another chemical or metal. It is an effective and widely used model to determine acute metal toxicity of dissolved metals. It relies on the mathematical integration of interaction of trace metal or solution phase ligands with biotic ligands i.e. the living organism exposed to the toxicity. This model analyses the ligand's interaction with living beings (biotic ligands). Biotic legand model predict the toxicity of dissolved metal according to the quantity of metal deposited on the receptor living being. Following diagram shows conceptual biotic legand model. Fig: Conceptual Biotic Legand Diagram Biotic legand model of toxicity prediction clearly shows the effect of water chemistry variation on the toxicity of metal. Water chemistry which is characterized by the dissolved hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon-di-oxide

Piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Piece - Essay Example It is the hope of this author that by analyzing composer/performer as well as the piece in question the reader will gain new appreciation work the performer/composer as well as his overall contribution to the field of music. Born December 16, 1770 Ludwig van Beethoven came from something of a musical family. Beethoven’s grandfather Lodewijk van Beethoven was a lifetime musician and was even employed as the court musician in Cologne for a period of time. Likewise Beethoven’s father, Johan worked as a tenor and frequently gave both violin and adolescence as a means of substituting his meager income. As a result of this musical family, it was Johan who gave young Ludwig is very first music lessons. Unfortunately, Johan was a difficult task master; oftentimes forcing the young Beethoven to practice for hours on end. This was not done due to the fact his father was necessarily cruel but rather due to the fact that Johan Beethoven had seen the amazing success that Leopold Moz art had with his son Wolfgang. Hoping to exploit his own son as something of a child prodigy, Beethoven set out on a series of performances at the tender age of seven. One can argue that one of the most formative experiences that Ludwig van Beethoven had was with regards to his times and studying under the tutelage of Joseph Haydn. While in Bonn, Switzerland, Beethoven met Haydn. One of the most fascinating aspects of Beethoven’s musical career was that he did not intend initially on focusing all of his efforts on composition. Rather, he set out master musical theory, the performance of several different instruments, and musical counterpoint. Accordingly, the reader easily see why he was both an accomplished composer as well as a virtuoso musician (Melia 294). This background as both a performer and composer doubtless helped Beethoven to integrate with an understanding of what he was ultimately requesting the musicians do with them all of his compositions. As a means of not o nly understanding the mechanics and theory of the music but also the mechanics playing these instruments, Beethoven was able to integrate on a more personal level with his symphony orchestra as well as the individual musicians who were responsible for relating his concepts and ideas into the mood of the music Once Ludwig began composing and publishing his compositions, Beethoven experienced an astounding level of initial success. This success lasted well up until the year 1809. At this point, Beethoven was suffering from the effects of hearing loss. Due to the fact that a keen sense of hearing was required in order for any composer to incorporate the many different instruments that a Symphony relies upon, his ability to continue to earn money through the composition process was severely reduced (Knapp 291). As with many young prodigies, the latter half of Beethoven’s life was not nearly as bright or promising as the first half. Ultimately, Beethoven became reliant upon the ge nerosity and sponsorship of a range of individuals within various positions of wealth and power within Europe. Although this approach allowed Beethoven to meet his physical needs, the level and extent to which the support be counted upon was highly uncertain. Eventually, Beethoven came to rely on selling the

Mental Health Groups: Theories and Methods

Mental Health Groups: Theories and Methods Constance Ballew All over the world the issue of mental health is a rampantly growing problem. With budget cuts both statewide and federally since the 1980’s by President Ronald Reagan, our country has had to create more cost efficient ways to meet the needs of our mental health crisis. Because of these budget cuts the need for more mental health services has grown and our county has responded to the outcry from those with mental health issues. Tulare County has come up with a way to help meet these needs locally through the Mental Health Services Act (MHSA), which was voted for in November 2004 and became effective January 2005. From August 2009 to October 20011 MHSA has helped over 16,000 Tulare county residents with mental health issues. This is possible because of a 1% tax surcharge on those who make $1 million or more per year. Mental health groups in Tulare County treat a broad spectrum of problems. From Bipolar Disorder and depression to schizophrenia, there are support groups to help c lients deal with the difficulties associated with mental illness (HHSA, 2012). In California the rate mental illness vary from county to county. Over all the rate of those with mental health issues in California are 16.3% that equals to about 4 million Californians. This percentage is a scarce comparison to that of all Americans who need mental health services. These figures which are 20-28% are alarming. Mental health affects everyone, even those who don’t have mental illness are affected by the mental health crisis in our county and country. Mental illness does not choose its victims by color, race, gender or age. Mental illness also does not prefer certain social or economic status. (Lund, 2001) Before 1956 many patients were not open to the idea of group therapy, almost two thirds of the patients in fact. And of those who entered group therapy 15% dropped out within the first 5 weeks of therapy. It is also shown in the study done by DeSchill that patients who had already received individual counseling did not increase their likely hood of staying in group counseling over those who had not. (DeSchill, 2014) The creation of mental health groups came from the need for more patients to be seen at a more economic and less time consuming. This is due to the introduction of Managed care into the mental health care system. Managed care has brought some limitations into treatment of mental illness as well as other groups. These are that managed care will pay for a certain amount of group sessions. There is a price cap on some of the sessions and therapist are often limited to the quantity and quality of care they provide group members. The Goal of mental health groups is to help people cope with the disabilities they face in life. It is this such support that helps many people around the U.S. live their lives in more fruitful ways than they would if they did not had the support of the mental health support groups. Mental health support groups provide an end to isolation. The isolation that people suffer who have mental health issues is debilitating and leads to early death rates for the mentally ill. According to Marla Szalavitz, in a study done by researchers at University College London, 6,500 people over the age of 52 where studied. The most isolated of those had a 26% higher chance of earlier death than those who were not isolated. Mental health groups have a valuable role in the part of treating those with mental illness, not just mentally but also physically (Szalavitz, 2013). The group members would be screened prior to entering the group. This is to ensure safety within the group and also to allow the maximum effectiveness for the group. The screening process would be done by a physician who would then refer the member to our group. This would help the therapist to focus on the members in the group who are able to do work and participate in their own change process. The roles of the members in a group are important to study. Each member role help to establish a flow for the dynamic and solidifies norms. The challenges of the leaders in a mental health group can be somewhat different from a leader in other groups. This is because the dynamic could change more often than that of other groups due to the challenges that face those with mental illness. The treatment models used to treat mental illness in group therapy according to Sara Battista, groups can be psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and psychosocial. The purpose and goal of a mental health group is dependent on the type of model used. In psychosocial groups, the goal is to sustain a balance of norms in the clients life, change if it happens is slow and not expected with the psychosocial model of treatment. In a Cognitive behavioral model led group, the leader is an example for the group. The group is made of people with the same sorts of issues who seek the same goal. Psychodynamic groups focus on the role each member has had in their families or in society and now have in the group. (Battista, 2013) In addition to the generalization of the treatments used to treat mental health issues, there are more in depth tools used in groups for the treatment of mental illness. Depression for people who have a mild or moderate level has been treated with cognitive behavioral along with interpersonal psychotherapies. While patients who have a disorder such as schizophrenia have been shown to benefit from cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. (Lehman et al, 2004) Psychoanalytic groups or psychodynamic groups settings usually have anywhere from 5 to 10 people. In this type of setting there is a gender heterogeneity and the ages are usually within the same developmental stages. This is also a group which is cost effective and would benefit the members in financial hardship. The meetings are generally and 1  ½ long or longer depending on the group. This type of group would meet a couple of two to three time per a week. This model is used because of its effectiveness to deal with group issues such as resistance and transference. Because of the heterogeneity in the group, members are able to work out other emotional reactions they might have opposed to that of a homogeneous group. Group members use their interactions with each other to help them work out problems in their lives. There is a sense of self-awareness that is gained by this type of therapy in group and the individual is able to do work more efficiently than on his own (DeSchill, 1974 ). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy used in group sessions is cost and time efficient. This type of therapy helps the group members to focus on life issues such as relationships, matters of their health and are aims to help correct dysfunctional issues with the clients. The goals for this type of group would be to help the group members realize that they can have more choices than the ones that have had in the past. Also to replace faulty behavior with healthy emotions and behaviors. This group would be a smaller group of about 5-10 people and also heterogeneous. This group would most likely meet about twice a week for about 2 hours to help promote the necessary change needed in the group (Cowdry, 2012). Psychosocial group settings are settings in which the group members talk out their problems, this is an effective type of treatment for people who have various type of mental health disorders. The setting would also be gender heterogeneous and include different ethnic backgrounds. The cultural differences in the group may prove to be an issue of resistance but if the therapist is trained with a multicultural background it can be a learning experience for the rest of the group. This group much like the two previous types of groups I have mentioned would be smaller groups and would meet more frequently to help the process of change. (Cowdry, 2012) The group duration is ongoing for those with more serious mental health issues and can be more time limited for those with anxiety or depression issues. Since the goals for the groups are different. The duration would also be different. Meaning that people with schizophrenia will need a group with a longer duration, maybe 2 years while someone suffering from anxiety and depression may only need 16-18. This is because for those with serious issues the goals are more about maintaining their lives and with anxiety or depression it is to help produce change. The goals of each group would be depending on the degree of mental health issues in which the members have. For instance, the goals for group members who are more seriously mentally ill would more tailored to adapting or maintaining mental and physical health and not towards a cure or getting better. While the goals for groups that are for depression and anxiety are focused on cognitive and the behavioral changes for members. It is also focused on helping the group members see more positive ways to manage stress and coping skills to manage negative thoughts. (Corey et al, 2014). Group rules for mental health members should be clear and easy to understand. They should set limits on behaviors and encourage the members to share. Rules should also help to ensure safety and confidentiality within the group. Rules would be as follows; please allow people to finish sharing before speaking. Respect others thoughts and feelings. Please keep what has been shared in group inside group. Please share any thoughts or concerns you may have in group. The tools that can be used in the forming stage of the group can be activities used to create safety and trust. This would be for the first few sessions of the group. The next few sessions would be activities to confront resistance in the group so that the members can get through to the second stage of tuckmans model which is storming. Then a few team building exercises to help the group cohesion and encourage the norming stage. The next few sessions would be based on tools to increase performing within the members and the final stage and for the last few weeks group members and therapist would be focused on the ending of the group-termination. This final stage would be to help the member talk about any issues that they feel haven’t been addressed and also deal with the closing of the group. These last sessions will also be used to go over what has been learned by the group members, what they will do after group and help them with crisis plans. There are some ways in which a group can be evaluated to see if it has been an effective form of treatment. One way is to ask the clients to complete a pre group and post group questionnaire. This would ask questions asking the group member to rate their feelings toward themselves, their mental illness, their current abilities to function inside and outside of the group and also would ask them how willing they are to join the group. The post group questionnaire would also ask the client to rate their feelings based on how they felt after receiving the treatment in group. Another way to evaluate the effectiveness of the group would be to ask the group members to share with each other how they feel in group during the first few sessions about the effectiveness. This would be charted. The therapist can also ask members to come to a meeting after termination of the group in which they are asked their thoughts and feelings again about their time in the group. This would also be charted. T he comparisons used in the feeling checks before and after group can help the group leader determine the effectiveness of the group. A therapist can also evaluate the effectiveness of the group by research. The therapist can study how many people need more help, how many terminate early and for what reasons and also what changes need to be made to enhance the effectiveness (Corey et al, 2014). In doing this research, I found that mental health groups are a vital part of treating those with mental health issues. At times people feel alone, with group such as mental health treatment groups, members don’t have to feel alone and can relate to each other. References Battista, S. (2013) New Trends in Mental Health Treatment, National Alliance on Mental Illness, Retrieved From http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=Top_Storytemplate=/contentmanagement/contentdisplay.cfmContentID=158934 Corey et al, (2014) Theories and Techniques of Group Counseling, Groups Process and Practice, Ninth Edition, Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning Cowdry, R (2012) Treatments and Services, National Alliance on Mental Illness, Retrieved From  http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=About_Treatments_and_SupportsTemplate=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfmContentID=10510 DeSchill, S (1974) Introduction to Psychoanalytic Group Psychotherapy Part 1, The Challenge for Group Psychotherapy, Retrieved From http://americanmentalhealthfoundation.org/books/introduction-to-psychoanalytic-group-psychotherapy-part-1/ Health and Human Services Agency (2012) Tulare County Mental Health Services Act, Five Year Report, HHSA, Retrieved From http://hhsawebdocs.tchhsa.org/questys.cmx.hhsawebdocs/File.ashx?id=2819v=1x=pdf Lehman et al. (2004) Evidence-Based Mental Health Treatments and Services:  Examples to Inform Public Policy, Millbank Memorial Fund Retrieved From http://www.milbank.org/uploads/documents/2004lehman/2004lehman.html Lund, L. E. (2001) Mental Health Care in California Counties: Perceived Need and Barriers to Access, Center for Health Statistics, Retrieved From http://www.cdph.ca.gov/pubsforms/Pubs/OHIRmentalhealthCareCA2001.pdf Szalavitz, M. (2013) Social Isolation, Not just feeling Lonely May Shorten Lives, Time, Retrieved from http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/26/social-isolation-not-just-feeling-lonely-may-shorten-lives/

hand tools :: essays research papers

Hand Tools and Devices Ergonomically oriented hand tool design: Maintain a straight wrist  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maintain a straight wrist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bent Nose Pliers. Such tools permit grasping, cutting, or turning objects while the wrist remains in a relatively straight position.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hammer With Deviated Handle. The slightly bent handle maintains a straight wrist during the final impact position. Maintain a straight wrist  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maintain a straight wrist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soldering Iron. The perpendicular bend of the head permits application of heat to a distal object while avoiding deviation of the wrist.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Saws, Power Wrench, Knife. A perpendicular handle (pistol grip) maintains a straight wrist during cutting, sawing, or rotary operations such as drilling or nut tightening. Maintain a straight wrist  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Provide an optimal grip span   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cylindrical Handle. A tool for rotary action on a horizontal work piece maintain the wrist in a straight position.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Excessive grip span does not allow optimal application of force and imposes undue stress upon the joints. Avoid tissue compression  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Protect against heat, cold, vibration extremes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Excessively thin or short handles cause small surface areas which in turn cause excessive pressure on tissues, leading to loss of local circulation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Circulation is also affected by other factors such as vibration and temperature extremes from the tool of from the immediate environment. Gloves and insulating materials are used as protective devices. Second handle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Expanding spring An additional handle for powered tools, located near the front end, helps support a heavy tool, resistance to excessive torque, and safe placement of the tool on to the work piece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Expanding spring on handles opens handles without stressful operator effort. Thumb stop  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gloves   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A thumb stop improves stability, increases thrust force, and avoids slippage.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gloves may be unavoidably used in inclement circumstances. Compensations must be made, when gloves are used, for a diminished grip force, diminished manual dexterity, and increased bulkiness which requires large handle dimensions. General considerations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of grip   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The functional assignment of the hands. Hands, when used with a tool, may be classified into the holding hand and the assisting hand.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dropped Tool. Power saw dropped on foot. Loss of grip  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of grip   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slipping Hazard. Hand slips on to unguarded surface.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curved Knife Guard. Loss of grip  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of grip   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knife. Ring guard. Enclosure for one finger.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knife. Handle guard. Enclosure for all fingers. Balanced power tool  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second handle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Handle located at center of gravity.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A second handle near the front of a large tool allows added control. A second handle will also aid in resisting high torque forces. Crushing in between  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accidental activation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Handle Stops. Handle stops allowing at least 2.5 cm clearance prevent crushing fingers between handles.

Comparing and Contrasting Country Lovers and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Essay

These elements contribute to the short story’s effectiveness as author uses different literary forms and styles to connect the reader to the story. Style has many characteristics that help the author engage the reader such as; punctuation, the use of connotations, and culture. This is what helps the reader’s imagination take over, paint the picture, and get emotionally connected to the author’s story. In comparing and contrasting the two short stories of â€Å"the Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber and â€Å"Country Lovers† by Nadine Gordimer you see the differences and similarities in style between the two authors. The culture, which is the common characteristics of a group or a region (Clugston 2010), is very similar in both stories since they are close to real life with the setting in the 1900’s. Both stories revolve around relationships and love. Thurber style is more imaginative then Gordimer which is defined by his use of connotations and punctuation, although both stories are very detailed when it comes to the characters and settings within the stories. In the short story â€Å"Country Lovers† Gordimer does a great job illustrating the setting, which is the time or place in which the action occurs (Clugston 2010). Gordimer provides details about the South African culture that allow the reader to understand the separatism and segregation the characters are living. The reader gets to feel what it’s like to be black in South Africa through the detailed descriptions of the loving conditions and treatment of blacks. The main characters in the story are Paulus and Thebedi. Paulus is the son of a farmer who was raised with the children of the black families that worked on his father’s farm. He falls in love with a black childhood playmate as a teenager but he understands that a relationship with her is forbidden. Thebedi is Paulus black childhood playmate who becomes his lover. The two begin a sexual relationship which results in a child being born. The theme, which is a representation of the idea behind the story (Clu gston 2010), is interracial love or forbidden love. The laws and culture of South Africa forbid interracial couples. Thebedi & Paulus are aware of the dangers of being together but choose to get involved anyway. As the story unfolds, Gordimer brings out the imagination of the reader through the use of metaphors, which is an implied comparison between one object and another that is different from it (Clugston 2010). An example of this is when Goridmer writes, â€Å"hidden by the mesh of old, ant–eaten trees held in place by vigorous ones, wild asparagus bushing up between the trunks, and here and there prickly–pear cactus sunken–skinned and bristly, like an old man’s face† (Clugston 2010). This allows the reader to visually paint the picture of where Thebedi and Paulus are at and what the scenery is. A common symbolism, which is something that has a literal identity but also stands for something else (Clugston 2010), that is used in â€Å"Country Lovers† is a tree. A tree can be a symbol for life, death, or immortality. This is a good match with the theme and plot of the story. The plot, which is a dynamic element in fiction, a sequence of interrelated, conflicting actions and events that typically build to a climax and bring about a resolution (Clugston 2010), thickens as both Thebedi and Paulus continue their love affair. Thebedi goes on to marry Njabulo, who is also black, and fails to tell Paulus of her marriage. At the same time Thebedi  also finds out she is pregnant with Paulus baby. When Thebedi gives birth to her daughter it’s obvious the baby isn’t Njabulo’s but he accepts her as it was his own. When Paulus finds out about the marriage and the child he becomes upset, why does he get upset, I believe it’s a sign of his love for Thebedi which ties back to the theme of forbidden love. The story takes an interesting twist, although the author never clearly states that Paulus killed the baby, it’s evident he did by the flow of the story. It’s up to the reader to understand the â€Å"why†, why would Pau lus kill the baby? Again, I believe the â€Å"why† ties back to the theme of forbidden love. Paulus has accepted that Thebedi will never be his wife due to society and the racial customs of South Africa. Understanding this he doesn’t want anyone to find out about the baby because interracial relationships are forbidden so he takes the extreme measure of killing the baby. One could also argue that he killed the baby out of jealousy and not wanting another man to raise his child. The story ends with Thebedi refusing to testify against Paulus in the killing of her baby. This shows that Thebedi has accepted her role in society as a black woman giving up any hope if a relationship with Paulus. Throughout the whole story Thebedi character is submissive to Paulus but the ending shows that Thebedi is also submissive to society by giving into social traditions and discriminatory behavior of South Africa. The short story of â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber is written in a third person point of view, which occurs when the speaker is not a participant in the story (Clugston 2010). The form is limited omniscient, which is when the thoughts and feelings of only one of the characters are related through the narrator (Clugston 2010) that character is Walter Mitty. The setting of this story occurs in a city called Waterbury but the state is never mentioned or disclosed, one can assume its Waterbury, Connecticut. The main characters are Walter Mitty and Mrs. Mitty. Walter Mitty is someone who gets bossed around by his wife so he creates a secret life for himself. In his secret life he see’s himself as a powerful man who is admired by all, something he is not in real life. Mrs. Mitty is the bossy, nagging, overbearing wife of Walter Mitty. Thurber does a great job illustrating the relationship between Walter and his wife which many people can relate too, I found it very humorous. That takes me to the theme of the  story, which I believe is marriage. Thurber portrays a marriage where the husband is submissive to his bossy, nagging, and overbearing wife. A second theme could be masculinity since all of Walter’s dreams portray him as a powerful man who’s admired by all. The story is about Walter taking his wife into town to visit her hair dresser. Along the way Walter begins to fantasize to escape the reality of his real like. Thurber does an excellent job of engaging the reader’s imagination through each of Walter’s fantasy’s allowing the reader to vividly picture what Walter is fantasizing about. An example of this is during Walter’s first fantasies where he is commanding a hydroplane through a storm, â€Å"Rev her up to 8500! We’re going through!† The pounding of the cylinders increased: ta-pocketa-pocketa-pocketa-pocketa-pocketa† (Clugston 2010). The sound of â€Å"ta-packeta-pocketa† is just the cylinders of the car Walter is driving. Each one of Walter’s fantasies is tied to something that is specific to what’s going on in the story. As Walter drives past the hospital he starts to fantasize about being a surgeon. As the newsboy shouts about the Waterbury trial Walters fantasi zes about being in a courtroom. The Liberty magazine leads Walter into a fantasy about military dugout. Thurber does a great job of interweaving Walter’s fantasies with the surroundings of the story. The uses of symbolisms in â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† were not used in the traditional literary forms. Instead Thurber ties in the symbolism of control and power in each of Walter’s fantasies by Walter showing bravery, no fear, power, fame, and a man with high ranking titles. Thurber does a great job of connecting and supporting the symbolism with the theme of marriage and masculinity. The use of this symbolism is to show how Walter feels about marriage, since Walter feels powerless throughout the story as his wife talks down to him. There are many differences and similarities in â€Å"Country Lovers† and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty†. The first and most recognizable difference is â€Å"Country Lovers† is a tragic story with a plot that builds up along with way with romance, physical relationship, racial discrimination, pregnancy,  arranged marriage, murder, deception, secrecy, and acceptance of normalcy. While â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† is a comedy with not much of a plot. Where they are similar, both are written in a third person limited omniscient point of view. Both had themes of love and marriage but were very different in how each played out. â€Å"Country Lovers† was forbidden love and arranged marriage while â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† was love and marriage between a husband and wife. These literary elements contribute to the short story’s effectiveness as author’s uses different literary forms and styles to connect the reader to the story. References: Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Spanish Gerund Following Verbs Other Than Estar

Spanish Gerund Following Verbs Other Than Estar The Spanish gerund - the verb form ending in -ando or -iendo - is used frequently with forms of estar to form the progressive tenses. However, it can also be used with other verbs, sometimes with meanings that are similar to the progressive tenses. Verbs Often Used With the Gerund Here are some of the most common verbs that can be followed by the gerund: Seguir or Continuar These verbs typically mean to keep on or to continue. With this usage, the two verbs are generally interchangeable with little difference in meaning. Sony sigue hablando mal del plasma, mientras sigue lanzando televisores LCD. (Sony keeps on speaking poorly of plasma while it keeps on releasing LCD televisions.)Venezuela continuar comprando cemento cubano. (Venezuela will keep on buying Cuban cement.)Muchas veces seguimos durmiendo ms de lo que deberà ­amos. (Many times we continue sleeping longer than we should.)Las cuatro continuaban peleando y un hombre que se movilizaba en una motocicleta aprovechà ³ para robarles. (The four kept on fighting and a man on a motorcycle took advantage of the situation to rob them.) Andar Although standing alone andar typically means to walk, when followed by a gerund it means roughly the same as to go around doing something in a rather pointless or unproductive fashion. If youre translating to English, the translation can vary considerably with context. Andar generally has a negative connotation when used this way. Descubrà ­ el foro porque andaba navegando en Internet. (I discovered the forum because I was browsing around the Internet.)Katy anda comiendo todo el dà ­a. (Katy goes around eating all day.)Tà º sabes que todos andamos buscando una vida que satisfaga. (You know that all of us spend our time looking for a satisfying life.) Ir Sometimes, ir is used in the same way as andar, above. But it usually doesnt have the negative connotation. In fact, it usually suggests that the action in progress is proceeding gradually or steadily. Again, translations of ir followed by the Spanish gerund can vary with the context. Vamos estudiando mejor la situacià ³n real del pueblo. (We are coming to study better the real situation of the people.)Fueron comprando trozo a trozo el terreno durante un proceso de unos quince aà ±os ms o menos. (They went about buying the land one piece at a time during a process that lasted 15 years more or less.)Los estudiantes van ganando influencia. (The students are steadily gaining influence.) Venir Followed with a gerund, venir often refers to something that has been occurring for a long time and is still continuing. It sometimes conveys frustration that the action isnt complete. As in the first two examples below, it is often used to indicate how long something has been occurring. En los à ºltimos aà ±os, se viene hablando de liderazgo. (In recent years, much has been spoken about leadership.)Hace seis meses que viene probando suerte como modelo en Parà ­s. (For the past six months she has been trying her luck as a model in Paris.)Vienen diciendome que no soy normal. (They have been telling me that Im not normal.) Following Other Verbs With Gerunds In general, most verbs can be followed by a gerund as a way of indicating how the first verbs action in performed. In effect, the gerund functions much as an adverb. In many cases, sentences using a gerund in this way cant be translated word for word.. A few examples: Empezamos escuchando y terminamos entendiendo todo. (We begin by listening and finish by understanding everything.)De pronto nos encontramos escribiendo una nueva historia. (Suddenly we found ourselves writing a new story.)Antonio miraba estudiando todos mis movimientos. (Antonio watched me, studying all of my movements.)Buscamos en su Instagram unos fotos donde aparezcas sonriendo. (We are searching on your Instagram feed for photos where you appear to be smiling.)  Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¡Ella perdià ³ 12 kilos bebiendo este jugo milagroso!! (She lost 12 kilograms by drinking this miracle juice!) Key Takeaways The gerund is used most often with estar to form the progressive or continuous tenses.It can also be used with several other verbs, among them seguir and continuar, to convey an idea similar to a progressive tense.In other situations, the gerund can function much like an adverb in modifying or explaining the meaning of another verb.

The Anzick Clovis Burial Site in Montana

The Anzick Clovis Burial Site in Montana The Anzick site is a human burial which occurred approximately 13,000 years ago, part of the late Clovis culture, Paleoindian hunter-gatherers who were among the earliest colonizers of the western hemisphere. The burial in Montana was of a two-year-old boy, buried beneath an entire Clovis period stone tool kit, from rough cores to finished projectile points. DNA analysis of a fragment of the boys bones revealed that he was closely related to Native American people of Central and South America, rather than those of the Canadian and Arctic, supporting the multiple waves theory of colonization. Evidence and Background The Anzick site, sometimes called the Wilsall-Arthur site and designated as Smithsonian 24PA506, is a human burial site dated to the Clovis period, ~10,680 RCYBP. Anzick is located in a sandstone outcrop on Flathead Creek, approximately one mile (1.6 kilometers) south of the town of Wilsall in southwestern Montana in the northwestern United States. Buried deep beneath a talus deposit, the site was likely part of an ancient collapsed rock shelter. Overlying deposits contained a profusion of bison bones, possibly representing a buffalo jump, where animals were stampeded off a cliff and then butchered. The Anzick burial was discovered in 1969 by two construction workers, who collected human remains from two individuals and approximately 90 stone tools, including eight complete fluted Clovis projectile points, 70 large bifaces and at least six complete and partial atlatl foreshafts made from mammal bones. The finders reported that all of the objects were coated in a thick layer of red ocher, a common burial practice for Clovis and other Pleistocene hunter-gatherers. DNA Studies In 2014, a DNA study of the human remains from Anzick was reported in Nature (see Rasmussen et al.). Bone fragments from the Clovis period burial were subjected to DNA analysis, and the results found that the Anzick child was a boy, and he (and thus Clovis people in general) is closely related to Native American groups from Central and South America, but not to later migrations of Canadian and Arctic groups. Archaeologists have long argued that the Americas were colonized in several waves of populations crossing the Bering Strait from Asia, the most recent being that of the Arctic and Canadian groups; this study supports that. The research (to an extent) contradicts the Solutrean hypothesis, a suggestion that Clovis derives from Upper Paleolithic European migrations into the Americas. No connection to European Upper Paleolithic genetics was identified within the Anzick childs remains, and so the research lends strong support for the Asian origin of the American colonization. One remarkable aspect of the 2014 Anzick study is the direct participation and support of several local Native American tribes in the research, a purposeful choice made by lead researcher Eske Willerslev, and a marked difference in approach and results from the Kennewick Man studies of nearly 20 years ago. Features at Anzick Excavations and interviews with the original finders in 1999 revealed that the bifaces and projectile points had been stacked tightly within a small pit measuring 3x3 feet (.9x.9 meters)  and buried between about 8 ft (2.4 m) of the talus slope. Beneath the stone tools was the burial of an infant aged 1-2 years of age and represented by 28 cranial fragments, the left clavicle and three ribs, all stained with red ochre. The human remains were dated by AMS radiocarbon dating to 10,800 RCYBP, calibrated to 12,894 calendar years ago (cal BP). A second set of human remains, consisting of the bleached, partial cranium of a  6-8-year-old child, were also found by the original discoverers: this cranium among all the other objects was not stained by red ochre. Radiocarbon dates on this cranium revealed that the older child was from the American Archaic, 8600 RCYBP, and scholars believe it was from an intrusive burial unrelated to the Clovis burial. Two complete and several partial bone implements made from the long bones of an unidentified mammal were recovered from Anzick, representing between four and six complete tools. The tools have similar maximum widths (15.5-20 millimeters, .6-.8 inches) and thicknesses (11.1-14.6 mm, .4-.6 in), and each has a beveled end within the range of 9-18 degrees. The two measurable lengths are 227 and 280 mm (9.9 and 11 in). The beveled ends are cross-hatched and smeared with a black resin, perhaps a hafting agent or glue, a typical decorative/construction method for bone tools used as atlatl or spear foreshafts. Lithic Technology The assemblage of stone tools recovered from the Anzick (Wilke et al) by the original finders and the subsequent excavations included ~112 (sources vary) stone tools, including large bifacial flake cores, smaller bifaces, Clovis point blanks and preforms, and polished and beveled cylindrical bone tools. The collection at Anzick includes all reduction stages of Clovis technology, from large cores of prepared stone tools to finished Clovis points, making Anzick unique. The assemblage represents a diverse collection of high quality, (probably un-heat-treated) microcrystalline chert used to make the tools, predominantly chalcedony (66%), but lesser amounts of moss agate (32%), phosporia chert and porcellanite. The largest point in the collection is 15.3 centimeters (6 inches) long and some of the preforms measure between 20-22 cm (7.8-8.6 in), quite long for Clovis points, although most are more typically sized. The majority of stone tools fragments exhibit use wear, abrasions or edge damage which must have occurred during use, suggesting this was definitely a working toolkit, and not simply artifacts made for the burial. See Jones for detailed lithic analysis. Archaeology Anzick was accidentally discovered by construction workers in 1968  and professionally excavated by Dee C. Taylor (then at the University of Montana) in 1968, and in 1971 by Larry Lahren (Montana State) and Robson Bonnichsen (University of Alberta), and by Lahren again in 1999. Sources Beck C, and Jones GT. 2010. Clovis and Western Stemmed: Population Migration and the Meeting of Two Technologies in the Intermountain West. American Antiquity 75(1):81-116.Jones JS. 1996. The Anzick Site: Analysis of a Clovis Burial Assemblage. Corvallis: Oregon State University.Owsley DW, and Hunt DR. 2001. Clovis and Early Archaic Period Crania from the Anzick Site (24PA506), Park County, Montana. Plains Anthropologist 46(176):115-124.Rasmussen M, Anzick SL, Waters MR, Skoglund P, DeGiorgio M, Stafford Jr TW, Rasmussen S, Moltke I, Albrechtsen A, Doyle SM et al. 2014. The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana. Nature 506:225-229.Stafford TWJ. 1994. Accelerator C-14 dating of human fossil skeletons: Assessing accuracy and results on New World specimens. In: Bonnichsen R, and Steele DG, editors. Method and Theory for Investigating the Peopling of the Americas. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University. p 45-55.Wilke PJ, Flenniken JJ, and Ozb un TL. 1991. Clovis Technology at the Anzick Site, Montana. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 13(2):242-272.

Assignment 1b Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 1b Scenario - Essay Example In the final section IV, there is some basic information about the financial considerations of our new project. My role in this project will be to provide the analytical information about the project to the management, which will help the management to carry out their decisions and make plans and strategies for the project. Reporting on different aspects of finance will be provided; this reporting will be based on historical data taken from financial accounting team and also with some research done on similar works carried out by our organizati0on as well as the competition. Information provided by me will give a bird’s eye view of project finance to the management. In addition, I will also be providing some extrapolations, suggestions, cost and profitability analysis, so that management is well informed about the trends and realities in project finance, thus helping their decision making on project finance issues. In brief, following will be my responsibilities in the project. Though my reporting will primarily based upon the inputs provided from the financial accounting department, research and analysis, yet there is remarkable difference in the activities of financial accounting department and my work. Financial accounting department basically works for information gathering, recording, maintaining and reporting according to the standard ways in a generic manner whereas my role will be to provide the information on specific issues and targeted for management. My role can be differentiated from that of financial accounting team as follows: Management Accounting is the branch of Accounting that deals primarily with confidential financial reports for the exclusive use of top management within an organization. These reports are prepared utilizing scientific and statistical methods to arrive at certain monetary values which are then used for decision making. Financial Accounting, on the other hand, concentrates on the production of financial reports,

Hedging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hedging - Essay Example There are various ways in hedge oneself from exchange rate risk by the use of financial derivative products, and a combination of strategies using these products. The three top runners for hedging purposes in exchange rates are Forward Contracts, Futures Contracts and Options. We’ll discuss the strategies which can be formed in each case, and then conclude which strategy would be most suitable for our current scenario. A forward contract or simply a forward is a non-standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed today. The most advantageous feature of a forward contract is that it costs nothing to enter into such an agreement. The difference between the spot and the forward price is the forward premium or forward discount, depending on the swap points of the currency pair involved. Forward contracts are traded over the counter, and are more customized for individual customers. Another feature of a forward contract is that there is no specific margin call mechanism. Since there is no cost of entering into this agreement, margin calls are non-existent in this type of trade. Moreover, it is not regulated by an exchange or clearing house, thus it does not involve the hassles which occur in such cases. However, a forward contract obligates the customer to deliver or take delivery of the underlying asset at the time of maturity. Failure to do so would result in a breach of contractual obligations and can lead to litigation. But we have to keep in mind that there is no guarantee that a customer will honor the contract. In our case, the Virtual Books can enter in to a forward contract to fix a forward price for its imports as well as repatriated profits. In the case of its import, if the forward price is less than the prevalent spot rate on the day of taking up that contract, he will be losing money on the contract. If the spot rate is lower than the agreed forward rate, then it will be gaining on t he contract. In case it’s relatively the same, Virtual Books will no gain nor lose. The reverse case applies for its repatriated profits in which he is selling Euros and receiving GBP. The next alternative in line is Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell a specified asset of standardized quantity and quality at a specified future date at a price agreed today known as the futures price. A futures contract operates in ways similar to a forward contract; however, there are a few differences which make the two distinguishable. First of all, a futures contract is traded on an exchange. They are highly standardized and are backed by a clearing house. Unlike forwards, an initial margin must be put up with the clearing house as a form of collateral. Fluctuations in the price of the underlying asset will reduce or increase the outstanding initial margin of the buyer/seller. Once a minimum threshold has been hit, margin call s are made so as to deposit funds to meet the minimum margin levels. Futures are backed by the clearing house, so in case any party defaults, the other party will still be able to deliver/take delivery of the underlying asset. In the case of Virtual Books, if they enter into a futures agreement, they will go long in Euro Futures which will obligate them to buy EUR against the GBP. In the case of their repatriated profit